A Simple Guide to Anal fissure

A Simple Guide to Anal fissure
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What is Anal fissure?
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Anal fissure is a superficial linear tear at the edge of the anus.

What are the causes of Anal fissure?
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Anal fissure occur after a tear in the posterior midline of the anus caused by the passage of hard large stools and constipation.

The tear is covered by a sentinel skin tag at the lower end(sentinel pile).

The tear may occur at any age but are more common in young children and pregnant women.

Sometime the tear may occur at the anterior midline of the anus.

What are the symptoms and signs of Anal Fissure?
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Symptoms:

1.Pain during and after passing motions

2.Serous discharge from tear

3.Itch (pruritis ani)

4.blood streak on stools

Signs:

1.sentinel skin tag covering a posterior midline tear of the anus

2.spasm of the anal sphincter

3.perianal infection

What are the investigations required in Anal fissure?
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1.Digital examination of the anus

2.Proctoscopy to exclude piles

3.Sigmoidoscopy may be required in adults.

What is the treatment of Anal fissure?
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1.Stool softener

2.low residue diet

3.Avoid constipation -take more fruits and water

4.Give painkiller if necessary

5.Apply anti-itch cream

6.Use antibiotic cream if there is evidence of perianal infection