A Simple Guide to Ichthyosis

A Simple Guide to Ichthyosis
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What is Ichthyosis?
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Ichthyosis is a rare non contagious disease of the keratin of the skin where there is reduction of sweat and sebaceous secretions.

The word Ichthus means fish.

So Ichthyosis means fish like appearance of the skin.


Who is at risk of Ichthyosis?
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a family history of ichthyosis


What are the causes of Ichthyosis?
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Most forms of ichthyosis are due to:

A.genetic conditions:
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1.Ichthyosis vulgaris 95% -autosomal dominant
2.X-linked ichthyosis -sex linked recessive
3.Ichthyosis lamellaris - autosomal recessive usually in newborns
4.Harlequins Ichthyosis -autosomal recessive
5.Bullous Ichthyosis - autosomal dominant

B.Acquired Ichthyosis
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6.Ichthyosis acquisita occur in :
leprosy,
hypothyroidism,
lymphoma,
sarcoidosis,
Hodgkin disease

7.Xeroderma - is a mild form of ichthyosis, occurs in middle aged and older patients.


What are Signs and symptoms of Ichthyosis?
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Symptoms:

1.extensor surface of limbs covered with dry scales(rarely the whole body is covered).

2.axilla and antecubal fossa (elbows,armpits,groins,back of knee)not affected

3.Usually symptoms present in childhood but improve during puberty to becoming worst again in later life.

4.Rashes can be extremely itchy in xeroderma

5.The condition is worse in colder weather.

6.Hair may be thin and dry.

7.Nails are brittle and dry.


How is the diagnosis of Ichthyosis made?
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1.Appearance of the skin

2.Family history of Ichthyosis

2.Skin biopsy for microscopic examination.


What are the complications of Ichthyosis?
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1.keratisis with corneal and ocular surface disease

2.Ectropion of eyelids due to dehydration

3.Deafness in a Keratitis-Ichthyosis-Deafness (KID)Disease


What is the treatment of Ichthyosis?
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There is no cure for Ichthyosis.

1.Symptomatic treatment with emolient creams such as petroleum jelly my help to hydrate the skin.

2.Itch may be controlled with antihistamines

3.Hydration with propylene glycol solution will help

4.Urea in emulsion creams has also help the dry skin

5.Topical or oral retinoic acid has brought some improvement to the skin.

6.Exposure to the sun may improve or worsen the condition.


What is the prognosis of Ichthyosis ?
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It is a lifelong condition and need continuous treatment.


What are the Preventive measures taken for Ichthyosis ?
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There is no known preventive measure for ichthyosis

A Simple Guide to Conjunctivitis

A Simple Guide to Conjunctivitis
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What is Conjunctivitis?
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Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva(the white of the eye and inner lining of eyelids).
It is one of the most common and treatable eye infections in children and adults.

What causes Conjunctivitis?
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Conjunctivitis can be caused by a
virus
bacteria
irritating substances (shampoos, dirt, smoke, and especially pool chlorine)
allergens (substances that cause allergies).

Conjunctivitis caused by bacteria, viruses can spread easily from person to person, but is not a serious health risk if diagnosed promptly.

What are the symptoms of Conjunctivitis?
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1.Redness in the white of the eye or inner eyelid

2.tears overflowing

3.yellow discharge that crusts over the eyelashes, especially after sleep
Other discharge from your eye (green or white) .

4.Pain in the eye

5.Itchy eyes (especially in conjunctivitis caused by allergies)

6.Burning eyes (especially in conjunctivitis caused by chemicals and irritants)

7.Blurred vision

8.sensitivity to light

How is Conjunctivitis spread?
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Bacterial or viral Conjunctivitis can also be spread through hand contact when rubbing the eyes or touching contact lenses after touching infected skin.

Being around a person who has conjunctivitis and wearing contact lenses may increase your risk of getting conjunctivitis, but the outcome is usually very good with treatment.

How is Conjunctivitis treated?
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Bacteria:Conjunctivitis caused by bacteria is treated with antibiotics.
The antibiotic can be given as eye drops, ointments, or pills.
Eye drops or ointments may need to be applied to the inside of the eyelid three to four times a day for five to seven days.

Virus: No Medicine can treat conjunctivitis caused by a virus.
This type of conjunctivitis often results from a common cold.
You may, however, help relieve symptoms by applying a cold compress.

Irritating substance:For this type of conjunctivitis, use warm water for five minutes to wash the irritating substance from the eye.

Allergies:Allergy-associated conjunctivitis is treated with antihistamines or when the allergen is determined and removed.

How to relieve symptoms of Conjunctivitis?
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1.Protect your eyes from dirt and other irritating substances.

2.Do not use contact lenses, if you wear them.

3.Place cold compresses on your eyes.

4.Wash your face and eyelids with mild soap or baby shampoo and rinse with water to remove irritating substances.

5.Do not rub your eyes with hands that are not washed.

6. Do not use the same bottle of drops in the other eye if it is not infected.

How to prevent spreading Conjunctivitis?
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1.Do not touch or rub the infected eye(s).

2.Wash your hands often with soap and warm water.

3.Wash any discharge from your eyes twice a day using a fresh cotton ball or paper towel. Afterwards, discard the cotton ball and wash your hands with soap and warm water.

4.Wash your bed linens, pillowcases, and towels in hot water and detergent.

5.Avoid wearing eye makeup.
Don’t share eye makeup with anyone else.

6.Do not wear another person’s contact lens.

7.Wear glasses instead of contact lenses.
Throw away disposable lenses or be sure to clean extended wear lenses and all eyewear cases.

8.Avoid sharing common articles such as unwashed towels, cups, and glasses.

9.Wash your hands after applying the eye drops or ointment to your eye or your child’s eye.

10.Do not use eye drops in a non-infected eye that were used for an infected one.