DOC I HAVE HIATUS HERNIA
Hiatus Hernia is a protrusion of part of the stomach through the diaphragmatic hiatus (or hole) into the chest.
Two main causes are
1.Congenital
The Hiatus Hernia occur in newborns as a result of the diaphragm to fuse.
There is a familial history.
2.Acquired
a.Sliding -most common type - occurs when the gastroesophageal junction and part of the stomach above the diaphragm may be associated with a short esophagus secondary to esophagitis and stricture of the esophagus from scarring(due to gastric acid)
b.Paraesopphageal :when the gastroesophageal junction is below the the diaphragm and part of the stomach herniates upwards along the esophagus.
Vomiting of the retained food in the part of the stomach stuck in the diaphragm is a natural progression of the condition.
The Symptoms of Hiatus Hernia are:
Most hiatus hernia are asymptomatic.
The most common symptoms are those of esophageal reflux:
1.heartburn aggravated by bending down, lying down, smoking, alcohol, and heavy meals
2.belching, abdominal bloating,
3.acid reflux to the throat
4.nausea, and vomiting of ingested food
5.fullness and pain after eating may be caused by mechanical obstruction of the pouch of the stomach in paraesophagel type of hiatus hernia
6.Respiratory distress may be present in infants due the pressure of the stomach on the lung space.
7.weight loss
8.bleeding
Hiatus Hernia is diagnosed through one or more medical tests:
1.Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
The doctor uses an esophagoscope, a thin tube containing a tiny camera, through your mouth and down into your stomach to look at the stomach lining for erosions and narrowing of the passage of the upper part of the stomach and esophagus
2.MRI of the upper abdomen usually shows the presence of excess stomach content in the lung area above the diaphragm
and presence of hiatus hernia.
The Treatment of Hiatus Hernia is:
The main treatment is usually medical especially for sliding hernia.
1.correction of fluid and electrolyte deficit by intravenous infusion of saline and glucose
2.Antacids:to reduce stomach acid from gastric reflux and thereby help relieve symptoms and promote healing. (Stomach acid irritates the inflamed tissue in the esophagus and the upper stomach.)
3.H2 Antagonist: to reduce to production of acidic gastric juice.(cimetidine, ranididine,omeprazole, Nexium etc)
4. Antispasmodics: anticholinergic drugs like buscopan.librax reduce the spasm in the stomach and esophagus
Surgery:
The surgery involves repair of the diaphragmatic hernia and the return of the stomach to below the diaphragm in the paraesophageal cases of hiatus hernia.
1.Surgical treatment may be necessary in cases with persistant esophageal reflux and severe esophagitis.
2.Paraesophageal hernias are less amenable to medical treatment and often require surgical treatment.
3.Emergency surgery is required in cases of strangulation of the esophagus, esophageal obstruction or perforation.
The Complications of untreated Hiatus Hernia are:
1.strangulation of esophagus
2.obstruction of the esophagus
3.perforated esophagus
Prognosis of Hiatus Hernia is :
1. good to excellent if treated surgically to repair the hernia.
2.medical treatment may work but recurrence rate is high.
Tuesday, June 14, 2011
Sunday, June 12, 2011
A Family Doctor's Tale - PYLORIC STENOSIS
DOC I HAVE PYLORIC STENOSIS
Pyloric Stenosis is a stricture at the lower end of the stomach (pylorus)which can obstruct outflow of gastric content to the duodenum.
Two main causes of Pyloric Stenosis are :
1.Congenital
The pyloric stenosis occur in 0.2 per cent of live births with a preponderance ratio of 4 males to 1 female.
There is a familial history.
2.Acquired
a.Scarring - gastric juice burns into the protective lining of the stomach resulting in gastritis or peptic ulcer. The resultant scarring of the stomach lining at the pylorus may cause narrowing or stenosis of the outlet obstructing the outflow of gastric content. Scarring can occur in 5-10 per cent of peptic ulcers especially duodenal ulcers.
b.Spasm of the pyloric muscles due to gastritis or peptic ulcer can also reduce the opening at the outlet of the stomach.
c.mechanical obstruction from a tumor of the stomach
Early cases of pyloric stenosis can be reversed more easily.
Later cases results in gastris dilatation with retention of gastric contents due to obstruction.
Vomiting of the retained food in the stomach is a natural progression of the condition.
The most common symptoms and signs of Pyloric Stenosis are :
1.upper abdominal upset or pain.
2.belching, abdominal bloating, aversion to food
3.nausea, and vomiting of ingested food
4.Protracted copious vomiting due to obstruction at the outflow of the stomach
Signs:
5.gastric splash can be felt and heard on examination
6.weight loss
7.dehydration
Pyloric Stenosis is diagnosed through one or more medical tests:
1.Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
In the case of pyloric stenosis, the gastric content (usually large amount) has to be removed by aspiration through a stomach tube 3 hours before any procedure can be done.
The doctor eases an gastroscope, a thin tube containing a tiny camera, through your mouth and down into your stomach to look at the stomach lining for polyps or tumors blocking the pylorus. If there is no tumor, there may evidence of gastritis or peptic ulcer and narrowing of the passage of the pylorus from scarring or spasm.
2.MRI of the upper abdomen usually shows the presence of excess stomach content and may show evidence of any benign tumor or cancer.
3.Blood tests for electrolytes in cases of dehydration
The main treatment of Pyloric Stenosis is usually
1.correction of fluid and electrolyte deficit by intravenous infusion of saline and glucose
2.removal of stomach content through a nasogastric tube to eliminate distension of stomach and restore tone of stomach muscles
Medications:
Treatment usually involves taking drugs
1.Antacids:to reduce stomach acid and thereby help relieve symptoms and promote healing. (Stomach acid irritates the inflamed tissue in the stomach.)
2.H2 Antagonist: to reduce to production of acidic gastric juice.(cimetidine, ranididine,omeprazole, Nexium etc)
3. Antispasmodics: anticholinergic drugs like buscopan.librax reduce the spasm in the stomach and duodenum
4.If the peptic ulceris caused by an infection, that problem may be treated with antibiotics to clear up H. pylori infection.
Surgery:
Surgical treatment may be necessary to remove any tumor or cancerous groth causing blockage.
Any stricture in the pylorus may be dilated or removed for the food to empty out easily to the duodenum.
The Complications of untreated Pyloric Stenosis are
1.dehydration
2.anorexia and loss of weight
3.perforated stomach and peritonitis
Prognosis of Pyloric Stenosis is :
good to excellent if treated early except for cases of cancer of the stomach.
Prevention of Pyloric Stenosis:
avoid gastritis and peptic ulcers
Pyloric Stenosis is a stricture at the lower end of the stomach (pylorus)which can obstruct outflow of gastric content to the duodenum.
Two main causes of Pyloric Stenosis are :
1.Congenital
The pyloric stenosis occur in 0.2 per cent of live births with a preponderance ratio of 4 males to 1 female.
There is a familial history.
2.Acquired
a.Scarring - gastric juice burns into the protective lining of the stomach resulting in gastritis or peptic ulcer. The resultant scarring of the stomach lining at the pylorus may cause narrowing or stenosis of the outlet obstructing the outflow of gastric content. Scarring can occur in 5-10 per cent of peptic ulcers especially duodenal ulcers.
b.Spasm of the pyloric muscles due to gastritis or peptic ulcer can also reduce the opening at the outlet of the stomach.
c.mechanical obstruction from a tumor of the stomach
Early cases of pyloric stenosis can be reversed more easily.
Later cases results in gastris dilatation with retention of gastric contents due to obstruction.
Vomiting of the retained food in the stomach is a natural progression of the condition.
The most common symptoms and signs of Pyloric Stenosis are :
1.upper abdominal upset or pain.
2.belching, abdominal bloating, aversion to food
3.nausea, and vomiting of ingested food
4.Protracted copious vomiting due to obstruction at the outflow of the stomach
Signs:
5.gastric splash can be felt and heard on examination
6.weight loss
7.dehydration
Pyloric Stenosis is diagnosed through one or more medical tests:
1.Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
In the case of pyloric stenosis, the gastric content (usually large amount) has to be removed by aspiration through a stomach tube 3 hours before any procedure can be done.
The doctor eases an gastroscope, a thin tube containing a tiny camera, through your mouth and down into your stomach to look at the stomach lining for polyps or tumors blocking the pylorus. If there is no tumor, there may evidence of gastritis or peptic ulcer and narrowing of the passage of the pylorus from scarring or spasm.
2.MRI of the upper abdomen usually shows the presence of excess stomach content and may show evidence of any benign tumor or cancer.
3.Blood tests for electrolytes in cases of dehydration
The main treatment of Pyloric Stenosis is usually
1.correction of fluid and electrolyte deficit by intravenous infusion of saline and glucose
2.removal of stomach content through a nasogastric tube to eliminate distension of stomach and restore tone of stomach muscles
Medications:
Treatment usually involves taking drugs
1.Antacids:to reduce stomach acid and thereby help relieve symptoms and promote healing. (Stomach acid irritates the inflamed tissue in the stomach.)
2.H2 Antagonist: to reduce to production of acidic gastric juice.(cimetidine, ranididine,omeprazole, Nexium etc)
3. Antispasmodics: anticholinergic drugs like buscopan.librax reduce the spasm in the stomach and duodenum
4.If the peptic ulceris caused by an infection, that problem may be treated with antibiotics to clear up H. pylori infection.
Surgery:
Surgical treatment may be necessary to remove any tumor or cancerous groth causing blockage.
Any stricture in the pylorus may be dilated or removed for the food to empty out easily to the duodenum.
The Complications of untreated Pyloric Stenosis are
1.dehydration
2.anorexia and loss of weight
3.perforated stomach and peritonitis
Prognosis of Pyloric Stenosis is :
good to excellent if treated early except for cases of cancer of the stomach.
Prevention of Pyloric Stenosis:
avoid gastritis and peptic ulcers
Friday, June 10, 2011
A Family Doctor's Tale - PEPTIC ULCER
DOC I HAVE PEPTIC ULCER
Peptic ulcer is a ulcer or hole in the lining of the stomach or duodenum.
Two main causes of Peptic ulcer are
1..helicobacter pylori infection - this bacteria damages the protective lining of the stomach making the underlying stomach tissue more vulnerable to the acidic gastric juice.
2.excessive production of acidic gastric juice
Excessive production of acidic gastric juice burns into the protective lining of the stomach and cause inflammation of the underlying stomach tissue.
The causes of excessive production of acidic gastric juice are:
1. Most common is stress and anxiety which automatically increase the production of the acid as a result of sympatheic nervous reaction
2.hereditary- some gastric patient has family history of gastric problem. Blood group O tends to have more gastitis while Blood group A has a tendency towards stomach cancer.
3.irregular meals tend to cause more acidic gastric juice to form at regular meal time.
4.alcohol and smoking has been associated with increased acid formation
5.Drugs: prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin or ibuprofen,
Most gastric ulcers occur on the lining of the lesser curvature of the stomach while dudenal ulcers occur on the first part of the duodenum
What are the Symptoms of Peptic ulcer?
-----------------------------------------
The most common symptoms are
1.upper abdominal upset or pain.
2. belching, abdominal bloating,
3.nausea, and vomiting especially if there is obstruction as pyloric stenosis
4.indigestion or of burning in the upper abdomen or in the chest(heart burn).
5. Blood in your vomit or black stools may be a sign of bleeding in the stomach, which may indicate a serious problem requiring immediate medical attention.
Signs:
6.epigastric tenderness on examination
7.anorexia
6.loss of weight due to poor digestion and absorption
Peptic ulcer is diagnosed through one or more medical tests:
1.Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
The doctor eases an gastroscope, a thin tube containing a tiny camera, through the mouth and down into the stomach to look at the stomach lining.
The doctor will check for inflammation (gastritis) and ulcers and may remove a tiny sample of tissue for tests(biopsy). The biopsy will detect how bad is the inflammation or whether there are underlying cancer cells.
In additional if any polyps (benign swelling of the lining of the stomach) are detected, they are removed at the same time and sent for biopsy.
2.Blood test. The doctor may check your blood for any evidence of H.pylori infection and the red blood cell count to check for anemia (not enough iron in the red blood cells.
Anemia can be caused by bleeding from the stomach.
3.Urea breath test can also determine whether there is H.pylori infection
4.Stool test. This test checks for the presence of blood in the stool, a sign of bleeding. Stool test may also be used to detect the presence of H. pylori in the digestive tract.
The main treatment of Peptic ulcer is usually
1.reduce stress
2.reorganisation of work in such a way as to be able to handle the pressure of work better as well as to have regular meals
3.Control of diet - avoid hard foods such as peanuts , tough meat, spicy food, cold food, black coffee, strong tea,citrus fruits and their juices,carbonated beverages, deep fried or oily food.
4. Take more frequent and smaller meals.
5. Avoid alcohol and smoking
6. Avoid drugs such as aspirin, painkillers,steroids which may irritate your stomach and cause increase in acid production
Medications:
Treatment usually involves taking drugs
1.Antacids:to reduce stomach acid and thereby help relieve symptoms and promote healing. (Stomach acid irritates the inflamed tissue in the stomach.)
2.H2 Antagonist: to reduce to production of acidic gastric juice.(cimetidine, ranididine,omeprazole, Nexium etc)
3. Antispasmodics: anticholinergic drugs like buscopan.librax reduce the spasm in the stomach and dudenum
4.If your Peptic ulcer is caused by an infection, antibiotics are given to clear up H. pylori infection. Once the underlying problem disappears, the Peptic ulcer usually does too.
Surgery:
Surgical treatment is the last resort if the above treatment do not work.
Resection of the ulcers and vagotomy(cutting of the vagal nerve to reduce acid secretion) may be necessary in rare cases.
The Complications of untreated Peptic ulcer are:
1.bleeding
2.pyloric stenosis
3.perforated stomach and peritonitis
Prognosis of Peptic ulcer:
Healing occurs with 6 to 12 weeks .
However recurrence is common.
Peptic ulcer is a ulcer or hole in the lining of the stomach or duodenum.
Two main causes of Peptic ulcer are
1..helicobacter pylori infection - this bacteria damages the protective lining of the stomach making the underlying stomach tissue more vulnerable to the acidic gastric juice.
2.excessive production of acidic gastric juice
Excessive production of acidic gastric juice burns into the protective lining of the stomach and cause inflammation of the underlying stomach tissue.
The causes of excessive production of acidic gastric juice are:
1. Most common is stress and anxiety which automatically increase the production of the acid as a result of sympatheic nervous reaction
2.hereditary- some gastric patient has family history of gastric problem. Blood group O tends to have more gastitis while Blood group A has a tendency towards stomach cancer.
3.irregular meals tend to cause more acidic gastric juice to form at regular meal time.
4.alcohol and smoking has been associated with increased acid formation
5.Drugs: prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin or ibuprofen,
Most gastric ulcers occur on the lining of the lesser curvature of the stomach while dudenal ulcers occur on the first part of the duodenum
What are the Symptoms of Peptic ulcer?
-----------------------------------------
The most common symptoms are
1.upper abdominal upset or pain.
2. belching, abdominal bloating,
3.nausea, and vomiting especially if there is obstruction as pyloric stenosis
4.indigestion or of burning in the upper abdomen or in the chest(heart burn).
5. Blood in your vomit or black stools may be a sign of bleeding in the stomach, which may indicate a serious problem requiring immediate medical attention.
Signs:
6.epigastric tenderness on examination
7.anorexia
6.loss of weight due to poor digestion and absorption
Peptic ulcer is diagnosed through one or more medical tests:
1.Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
The doctor eases an gastroscope, a thin tube containing a tiny camera, through the mouth and down into the stomach to look at the stomach lining.
The doctor will check for inflammation (gastritis) and ulcers and may remove a tiny sample of tissue for tests(biopsy). The biopsy will detect how bad is the inflammation or whether there are underlying cancer cells.
In additional if any polyps (benign swelling of the lining of the stomach) are detected, they are removed at the same time and sent for biopsy.
2.Blood test. The doctor may check your blood for any evidence of H.pylori infection and the red blood cell count to check for anemia (not enough iron in the red blood cells.
Anemia can be caused by bleeding from the stomach.
3.Urea breath test can also determine whether there is H.pylori infection
4.Stool test. This test checks for the presence of blood in the stool, a sign of bleeding. Stool test may also be used to detect the presence of H. pylori in the digestive tract.
The main treatment of Peptic ulcer is usually
1.reduce stress
2.reorganisation of work in such a way as to be able to handle the pressure of work better as well as to have regular meals
3.Control of diet - avoid hard foods such as peanuts , tough meat, spicy food, cold food, black coffee, strong tea,citrus fruits and their juices,carbonated beverages, deep fried or oily food.
4. Take more frequent and smaller meals.
5. Avoid alcohol and smoking
6. Avoid drugs such as aspirin, painkillers,steroids which may irritate your stomach and cause increase in acid production
Medications:
Treatment usually involves taking drugs
1.Antacids:to reduce stomach acid and thereby help relieve symptoms and promote healing. (Stomach acid irritates the inflamed tissue in the stomach.)
2.H2 Antagonist: to reduce to production of acidic gastric juice.(cimetidine, ranididine,omeprazole, Nexium etc)
3. Antispasmodics: anticholinergic drugs like buscopan.librax reduce the spasm in the stomach and dudenum
4.If your Peptic ulcer is caused by an infection, antibiotics are given to clear up H. pylori infection. Once the underlying problem disappears, the Peptic ulcer usually does too.
Surgery:
Surgical treatment is the last resort if the above treatment do not work.
Resection of the ulcers and vagotomy(cutting of the vagal nerve to reduce acid secretion) may be necessary in rare cases.
The Complications of untreated Peptic ulcer are:
1.bleeding
2.pyloric stenosis
3.perforated stomach and peritonitis
Prognosis of Peptic ulcer:
Healing occurs with 6 to 12 weeks .
However recurrence is common.
Wednesday, June 8, 2011
A Family Doctor's Tale -DYSPEPSIA
DOC I HAVE DYSPEPSIA
Dyspepsia is a symptom of discomfort or indigestion in the upper abdomen often associated with heartburn, nausea, regurgitation and flatulence.
Two main causes are
1. Diseases of the upper digestive system:
a.esophagus-esophagitis, GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease), hiatus hernia
b.stomach -gastritis, peptic ulcer, stomach cancer
c.duodenum -duodenal ulcer
2.Diseases of the gallbladder, biliary and pancreatic system
a.gallbladder -cholecystitis, gallstone
b.biliary system - obstrion in the bile duct
c.pancreas -pancreatitis, cancer of pancreas
Other causes:
3.Mechanical factors such as overeating, rapid eating,faulty chewing of food
4.Excessive irriation of gastic mucosa such as
a.food - caffiene, alcohol, poorly digested spices, nuts
b.food that relax lower esophageal sphincter such as chocolates
.
5.Psychogenic causes of excessive production of acidic gastric juice such as stress and anxiety which automatically increase the production of the acid as a result of sympatheic nervous reaction
6.Drugs: prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin or ibuprofen, steroids
7.systemic diseases, such as pernicious anemia,heart failure with ascites, uremia and diabetes
8.hereditary- some gastric patient has family history of gastric problem. Blood group O tends to have more gastitis while Blood group A has a tendency towards stomach cancer.
9.smoking has been associated with increased acid formation
and indigestion
The most common symptoms of dyspepsia are
1.upper abdominal upset or epigastric pain.
2. belching, abdominal bloating,
3.nausea, and vomiting
4.burning sensation in the upper abdomen or in the chest(heart burn).
5.regurgitation
Dyspepsia is diagnosed through one or more medical tests:
1.Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
The doctor eases an gastroscope, a thin tube containing a tiny camera, through your mouth and down into your stomach to look at the stomach lining.
The doctor will check for inflammation and may remove a tiny sample of tissue for tests(biopsy). The biopsy will detect how bad is the inflammation or whether there are underlying cancer cells. In additional if any polyps (benign swelling of the lining of the stomach) are detected, they are removed at the same time and sent for biopsy.
2.X-rays of the stomach -barium meal or
gallbladder-cholecystography
3.Ultrasound scan of liver, pancreas, gallbladder
4.Blood test. The doctor may check your blood for any evidence of H.pylori infection and pancreatic enzymes to exclude pancreatic causes
Urea breath test can also determine whether you have H.pylori infection
The main Treatment of Dyspepsia is usually
1.reduce stress
2.reorganization of work in such a way as to be able to handle the pressure of work better as well as to have regular meals
3.Control of diet - avoid hard foods such as peanuts , tough meat, spicy food, cold food, black coffee, strong tea,citrus fruits and their juices,carbonated beverages, deep fried or oily food.
4. Take more frequent and smaller meals.
5. Avoid alcohol and smoking
6. Avoid drugs such as aspirin, painkillers,steroids which may irritate your stomach and cause increase in acid production
Regulate eating habits using small meals, sitting up, walking after food
Medications:
Treatment usually involves taking drugs
1.Antacids:to reduce stomach acid and thereby help relieve symptoms and promote healing. (Stomach acid irritates the inflamed tissue in the stomach.)
2.H2 Antagonist: to reduce to production of acidic gastric juice.(cimetidine, ranididine,omeprazole, Nexium etc)
3. Antispasmodics: anticholinergic drugs like buscopan, librax reduce the spasm in the stomach and duodenum
4.If your Dyspepsia is caused by an infection, that problem may be treated as well. For example, the doctor might prescribe antibiotics to clear up H. pylori infection. Once the underlying problem disappears, the Dyspepsia usually does too. Talk to your doctor before stopping any medicine or starting any Dyspepsia treatment on your own.
5.Surgery may be required in cancer of stomach, pancreas, gallstones
The Complications of untreated Dyspepsia are:
gastric ulcers and strictures
bleeding
Prognosis :
good to excellent except for cancer of stomach and pancreas
Dyspepsia is a symptom of discomfort or indigestion in the upper abdomen often associated with heartburn, nausea, regurgitation and flatulence.
Two main causes are
1. Diseases of the upper digestive system:
a.esophagus-esophagitis, GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease), hiatus hernia
b.stomach -gastritis, peptic ulcer, stomach cancer
c.duodenum -duodenal ulcer
2.Diseases of the gallbladder, biliary and pancreatic system
a.gallbladder -cholecystitis, gallstone
b.biliary system - obstrion in the bile duct
c.pancreas -pancreatitis, cancer of pancreas
Other causes:
3.Mechanical factors such as overeating, rapid eating,faulty chewing of food
4.Excessive irriation of gastic mucosa such as
a.food - caffiene, alcohol, poorly digested spices, nuts
b.food that relax lower esophageal sphincter such as chocolates
.
5.Psychogenic causes of excessive production of acidic gastric juice such as stress and anxiety which automatically increase the production of the acid as a result of sympatheic nervous reaction
6.Drugs: prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin or ibuprofen, steroids
7.systemic diseases, such as pernicious anemia,heart failure with ascites, uremia and diabetes
8.hereditary- some gastric patient has family history of gastric problem. Blood group O tends to have more gastitis while Blood group A has a tendency towards stomach cancer.
9.smoking has been associated with increased acid formation
and indigestion
The most common symptoms of dyspepsia are
1.upper abdominal upset or epigastric pain.
2. belching, abdominal bloating,
3.nausea, and vomiting
4.burning sensation in the upper abdomen or in the chest(heart burn).
5.regurgitation
Dyspepsia is diagnosed through one or more medical tests:
1.Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
The doctor eases an gastroscope, a thin tube containing a tiny camera, through your mouth and down into your stomach to look at the stomach lining.
The doctor will check for inflammation and may remove a tiny sample of tissue for tests(biopsy). The biopsy will detect how bad is the inflammation or whether there are underlying cancer cells. In additional if any polyps (benign swelling of the lining of the stomach) are detected, they are removed at the same time and sent for biopsy.
2.X-rays of the stomach -barium meal or
gallbladder-cholecystography
3.Ultrasound scan of liver, pancreas, gallbladder
4.Blood test. The doctor may check your blood for any evidence of H.pylori infection and pancreatic enzymes to exclude pancreatic causes
Urea breath test can also determine whether you have H.pylori infection
The main Treatment of Dyspepsia is usually
1.reduce stress
2.reorganization of work in such a way as to be able to handle the pressure of work better as well as to have regular meals
3.Control of diet - avoid hard foods such as peanuts , tough meat, spicy food, cold food, black coffee, strong tea,citrus fruits and their juices,carbonated beverages, deep fried or oily food.
4. Take more frequent and smaller meals.
5. Avoid alcohol and smoking
6. Avoid drugs such as aspirin, painkillers,steroids which may irritate your stomach and cause increase in acid production
Regulate eating habits using small meals, sitting up, walking after food
Medications:
Treatment usually involves taking drugs
1.Antacids:to reduce stomach acid and thereby help relieve symptoms and promote healing. (Stomach acid irritates the inflamed tissue in the stomach.)
2.H2 Antagonist: to reduce to production of acidic gastric juice.(cimetidine, ranididine,omeprazole, Nexium etc)
3. Antispasmodics: anticholinergic drugs like buscopan, librax reduce the spasm in the stomach and duodenum
4.If your Dyspepsia is caused by an infection, that problem may be treated as well. For example, the doctor might prescribe antibiotics to clear up H. pylori infection. Once the underlying problem disappears, the Dyspepsia usually does too. Talk to your doctor before stopping any medicine or starting any Dyspepsia treatment on your own.
5.Surgery may be required in cancer of stomach, pancreas, gallstones
The Complications of untreated Dyspepsia are:
gastric ulcers and strictures
bleeding
Prognosis :
good to excellent except for cancer of stomach and pancreas
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