DOC I HAVE Vitamin B2 Deficiency
Vitamin B2(riboflavin) Deficiency is a medical condition caused by the deficiency of the human body of Vitamin B2 as a result of inadequate dietary intake or impaired absorption.
Vitamin B2 is present in all living human tissues as an important anti-oxidant and enzymes in food metabolism
Functions of Vitamin B2:
1.It is necessary for normal growth and development of the fetus
2.It has a role to play in the release of ACTH from the pituitary gland.
3.It share the function with Vitamin A in visual processes.
Vitamin B2 is found primarily in
1.animal sources - liver, milk, egg yolks
2.vegetable sources: Vitamin B2 is found in fresh green and yellow vegetables, cereals
It is rare as a isolated Vitamin B2 deficiency.
Optimal requirements of Vitamin B2 are:
1.adults and children above puberty: 1 mg to 3 mg daily
Pregnant mother and elderly may need double the amount.
2.Infants and children before puberty: 0.5 mg to 1 mg daily
Causes:
Vitamin B2 Deficiency occurs
1.when there is Vitamin B2 deficiencies due to
a.diet - starvation,lactating mothers should take more Vitamin B2
b.malabsorption as in celiac syndrome, sprue or hepatitic cirrhosis
2.Severity of Vitamin B2 deficiency is inversely related to age.
It is more common in elderly people.
Symptoms:
1.Vitamin B2 Deficiency is a silent disease in the early stages.
People with Vitamin B2 Deficiency often do not know that they have the condition.
2.angular stomatitis
3.glossitis
4.cheilosis
5.seborrheic dermatitis
6.corneal lesions
7.In pregnant women, deficiciency of Vitamin B2 can lead to fetal deformities such as shortened bones and deformed growth.
Diagnosis:
1.Blood Vitamin B2 levels are low
Treatment:
The goal of Vitamin B2 Deficiency treatment is the prevention of peripheral neuropathy and heart failure.
Therefore, prevention of Vitamin B2 Deficiency is as important as treatment. Vitamin B2 Deficiency treatment and prevention measures are:
Medications:
Vitamin B2 supplements
1.Vitamin B2 is given at 5 mg per day orally until the response is adequate.
Side effects are:
1.Vitamin B2 does not give side effects because being water soluble it is excreted easily in the urine if large doses are ingested
Prognosis:
1.good response to treatment in Vitamin B2 deficiency in early stages.
2.treat underlying cause such as malabsorption to get a good response in the treatment of Vitamin B2 Deficiency.
Prevention:
take more liver, egg yolks, cereals and fresh green vegetables.
Wednesday, October 26, 2011
Monday, October 24, 2011
A Family Doctor's Tale - VITAMIN B1 DEFICIENCY
DOC I HAVE Vitamin B1 Deficiency
Vitamin B1(thiamine) Deficiency is a medical condition caused by the deficiency of the human body of Vitamin B1 as a result of inadequate dietary intake or impaired absorption.
Vitamin B1 is present in all living human tissues as an important enzyme in the metabolism of carbohydrates.
Functions of Vitamin B1:
1.It is also required for metabolism of alpha-ketoacids and pyruvates in its carbohydrate form,
2.It is also a co-enzyme of pyruvate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate both essential in carbohydrate metabolism.
3.It is also essential in production of acetylcholine.
4.It also play a part in energy metabolism for neurons and cardiac muscles.
Vitamin B1 is found primarily in
1.animal sources - liver. egg yolks
2.vegetable sources: Vitamin B1 is found in fresh green and yellow vegetables, cereals, whole grains and potatoes.
Unfortunately most of the active ingredients of Vitamin B1 is lost in cooking.
Optimal requirements of Vitamin B1 are:
1.adults and children above puberty: 1 mg daily
Pregnant mother and elderly may need double the amount.
2.Infants and children before puberty: 0.5 mg daily
Causes:
Vitamin B1 Deficiency occurs
1.when there is Vitamin B1 deficiencies due to
a.diet - starvation,lactating mothers should take more Vitamin B1
b.malabsorption as in celiac syndrome, sprue or hepatitic cirrhosis
2.Severity of Vitamin B1 deficiency is inversely related to age.
It is more common in elderly people.
Symptoms:
1.Vitamin B1 Deficiency is a silent disease in the early stages.
People with Vitamin B1 Deficiency often do not know that they have the condition.
2.Vitamin B1 deficiency can result in 2 major illnesses:
A.Beri Beri
1.peripheral neuropathy affective all the peripheral nerves
2.muscle weakness
3.anorexia
4.heart failure
5.aphonia and absent tendon reflexes in infants
B.Wernicke's Syndrome
1.Occurs in severe Vitamin B1 deficiency
2.brain hemorrhage
3.mental confusion
3.aphonia
4.weakness of sixth nerve
5.total opthalomoplegia (blindness)
6.coma and death
Diagnosis:
1.Blood Vitamin B1 levels are low
Treatment:
The goal of Vitamin B1 Deficiency treatment is the prevention of peripheral neuropathy and heart failure.
Therefore, prevention of Vitamin B1 Deficiency is as important as treatment. Vitamin B1 Deficiency treatment and prevention measures are:
Medications:
Vitamin B1 supplements
1.Vitamin B1 is given at 5 mg to 30 mg per day orally until the response is adequate.
Side effects are:
1.Vitamin B1 may cause anaphylactic reactions when given intravenously.
Prognosis:
1.good response to treatment in Vitamin B1 deficiency in early stages.
2.treat underlying cause such as malabsorption to get a good response in the treatment of Vitamin B1 Deficiency.
3.Heart failure in beri beri may not respond to digoxin
4.Cardiac beri beri and Wernicke's disease may be fatal if left untreated.
Prevention:
take more liver, egg yolks, cereals and fresh green vegetables.
Vitamin B1(thiamine) Deficiency is a medical condition caused by the deficiency of the human body of Vitamin B1 as a result of inadequate dietary intake or impaired absorption.
Vitamin B1 is present in all living human tissues as an important enzyme in the metabolism of carbohydrates.
Functions of Vitamin B1:
1.It is also required for metabolism of alpha-ketoacids and pyruvates in its carbohydrate form,
2.It is also a co-enzyme of pyruvate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate both essential in carbohydrate metabolism.
3.It is also essential in production of acetylcholine.
4.It also play a part in energy metabolism for neurons and cardiac muscles.
Vitamin B1 is found primarily in
1.animal sources - liver. egg yolks
2.vegetable sources: Vitamin B1 is found in fresh green and yellow vegetables, cereals, whole grains and potatoes.
Unfortunately most of the active ingredients of Vitamin B1 is lost in cooking.
Optimal requirements of Vitamin B1 are:
1.adults and children above puberty: 1 mg daily
Pregnant mother and elderly may need double the amount.
2.Infants and children before puberty: 0.5 mg daily
Causes:
Vitamin B1 Deficiency occurs
1.when there is Vitamin B1 deficiencies due to
a.diet - starvation,lactating mothers should take more Vitamin B1
b.malabsorption as in celiac syndrome, sprue or hepatitic cirrhosis
2.Severity of Vitamin B1 deficiency is inversely related to age.
It is more common in elderly people.
Symptoms:
1.Vitamin B1 Deficiency is a silent disease in the early stages.
People with Vitamin B1 Deficiency often do not know that they have the condition.
2.Vitamin B1 deficiency can result in 2 major illnesses:
A.Beri Beri
1.peripheral neuropathy affective all the peripheral nerves
2.muscle weakness
3.anorexia
4.heart failure
5.aphonia and absent tendon reflexes in infants
B.Wernicke's Syndrome
1.Occurs in severe Vitamin B1 deficiency
2.brain hemorrhage
3.mental confusion
3.aphonia
4.weakness of sixth nerve
5.total opthalomoplegia (blindness)
6.coma and death
Diagnosis:
1.Blood Vitamin B1 levels are low
Treatment:
The goal of Vitamin B1 Deficiency treatment is the prevention of peripheral neuropathy and heart failure.
Therefore, prevention of Vitamin B1 Deficiency is as important as treatment. Vitamin B1 Deficiency treatment and prevention measures are:
Medications:
Vitamin B1 supplements
1.Vitamin B1 is given at 5 mg to 30 mg per day orally until the response is adequate.
Side effects are:
1.Vitamin B1 may cause anaphylactic reactions when given intravenously.
Prognosis:
1.good response to treatment in Vitamin B1 deficiency in early stages.
2.treat underlying cause such as malabsorption to get a good response in the treatment of Vitamin B1 Deficiency.
3.Heart failure in beri beri may not respond to digoxin
4.Cardiac beri beri and Wernicke's disease may be fatal if left untreated.
Prevention:
take more liver, egg yolks, cereals and fresh green vegetables.
Saturday, October 22, 2011
A Family Doctor's Tale - FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY
DOC I HAVE FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY
Folic acid Deficiency is a medical condition caused by the deficiency of the human body of Folic acid as a result of inadequate dietary intake or impaired absorption.
Every one needs Folic acid which is essential to build the red blood cells of the human body.
Folic acid which is also a B Vitamin is found primarily in
1.animal sources - liver , kidneys, egg yolks
2.vegetable and fruit sources: dark green leafy vegetables such as spinach,asparagus, brocolli ,fresh and dried beans,
fruits such as papaya, oranges , cantaloupe
and yeast
Optimal requirements of Folic acid are:
1.adults and children above puberty: 100mg daily
Pregnant mothers requires more folic acid (400-500mg per day)
2.Infants and children before puberty: 5omg daily
Functions of Folic acid:
1.Folic acid is essential for production of red blood cells together with Vitamin B12, iron, minerals, Vitamin C and protein.
2.Folic acid is also needed for growth and reproduction
3.Folic acid is needed for stimulating the brain cell function and has been used to prevent dementia.
Causes of Folic acid Deficiency:
Folic acid Deficiency occurs
1.when there is Folic acid deficiencies due to
a.diet - folic acid is just sufficient in normal western diet
b.malabsorption as in celiac syndrome, sprue or hepatic cirrhosis
c.malignancy affects the absorption of folic acid
d.oral contraceptive may affect the absorption of folic acid
2.Severity of Folic acid deficiency is inversely related to age.
It is more common in elderly people.
Symptoms of Folic acid deficiency:
1.Folic acid Deficiency is a silent disease.
People with Folic acid Deficiency often do not know that they have the condition.
2.macrocytic anemia - low hemogloblin, enlarged red blood cells, pallor
3.Mucosa - mucosal membrane lesions such as aphthous ulcers .
4.Growth-growth retardation and anemia is common in children with Folic acid deficiency
5.diarrhea - may occurs as a result of mucosal lesions in the intestinal walls
6.Mental-Brain dysfunction may occur in children and elderly with Folic acid deficiency.
Diagnosis of Folic acid deficiency:
1.Blood Folic acid levels are low
Treatment of Folic acid deficiency:
The goal of Folic acid Deficiency treatment is the prevention of anemia and mucosal lesions
Therefore, prevention of Folic acid Deficiency is as important as treatment.
Folic acid Deficiency treatment and prevention measures are:
Medications:
Folic acid supplements
Folic acid is given at 250 to 5000 mg per day orally until the response is adequate.
Side effects are negligible
Prognosis of Folic acid deficiency:
1.good response to treatment in folic acid deficiency.
2.treat underlying cause such as malabsorption to get a good response in the treatment of Folic acid Deficiency.
Folic acid Deficiency is a medical condition caused by the deficiency of the human body of Folic acid as a result of inadequate dietary intake or impaired absorption.
Every one needs Folic acid which is essential to build the red blood cells of the human body.
Folic acid which is also a B Vitamin is found primarily in
1.animal sources - liver , kidneys, egg yolks
2.vegetable and fruit sources: dark green leafy vegetables such as spinach,asparagus, brocolli ,fresh and dried beans,
fruits such as papaya, oranges , cantaloupe
and yeast
Optimal requirements of Folic acid are:
1.adults and children above puberty: 100mg daily
Pregnant mothers requires more folic acid (400-500mg per day)
2.Infants and children before puberty: 5omg daily
Functions of Folic acid:
1.Folic acid is essential for production of red blood cells together with Vitamin B12, iron, minerals, Vitamin C and protein.
2.Folic acid is also needed for growth and reproduction
3.Folic acid is needed for stimulating the brain cell function and has been used to prevent dementia.
Causes of Folic acid Deficiency:
Folic acid Deficiency occurs
1.when there is Folic acid deficiencies due to
a.diet - folic acid is just sufficient in normal western diet
b.malabsorption as in celiac syndrome, sprue or hepatic cirrhosis
c.malignancy affects the absorption of folic acid
d.oral contraceptive may affect the absorption of folic acid
2.Severity of Folic acid deficiency is inversely related to age.
It is more common in elderly people.
Symptoms of Folic acid deficiency:
1.Folic acid Deficiency is a silent disease.
People with Folic acid Deficiency often do not know that they have the condition.
2.macrocytic anemia - low hemogloblin, enlarged red blood cells, pallor
3.Mucosa - mucosal membrane lesions such as aphthous ulcers .
4.Growth-growth retardation and anemia is common in children with Folic acid deficiency
5.diarrhea - may occurs as a result of mucosal lesions in the intestinal walls
6.Mental-Brain dysfunction may occur in children and elderly with Folic acid deficiency.
Diagnosis of Folic acid deficiency:
1.Blood Folic acid levels are low
Treatment of Folic acid deficiency:
The goal of Folic acid Deficiency treatment is the prevention of anemia and mucosal lesions
Therefore, prevention of Folic acid Deficiency is as important as treatment.
Folic acid Deficiency treatment and prevention measures are:
Medications:
Folic acid supplements
Folic acid is given at 250 to 5000 mg per day orally until the response is adequate.
Side effects are negligible
Prognosis of Folic acid deficiency:
1.good response to treatment in folic acid deficiency.
2.treat underlying cause such as malabsorption to get a good response in the treatment of Folic acid Deficiency.
Thursday, October 20, 2011
A Family Doctor's Tale - VITAMIN C DEFICIENCY
DOC I HAVE VITAMIN C DEFICIENCY
Vitamin C Deficiency is a medical condition caused by the deficiency of the human body of Vitamin C as a result of inadequate dietary intake or impaired absorption.
Vitamin C or ascorbic acid is present in all living human tissues as an important antioxidant compound of cell metabolism.
It is unfortunately rapidly destroyed by heating in the presence of air.
Vitamin C is found primarily in
1.animal sources - animal organs such as liver and adrenals.
2.vegetable and fruit sources: Vitamin C is found in fresh green and yellow vegetables and fruits such as tomatoes, papaya, oranges, blackberries etc.
Optimal requirements of Vitamin C are:
1.adults and children above puberty: 70 mg daily
2.Infants and children before puberty: 30 mg daily
Functions of Vitamin C:
1.Vitamin C together is essential for the formation and maintenance of intercellular substances such as connective tissue, bones and cartilage.
2.Vitamin C is involved in the hydroxylation of proline to hydroxyproline which helps in wound healing.
3.Vitamin C stimulates defenses of the body to form antibodies and activates reticuloendothelial system.(walls of the blood vessels)
It is therefore useful in the prevention of people with low immunity to illnesses.
4.Vitamin C also strengthen the walls of the capillaries and blood vessels preventing bleeding.
5.Vitamin C transport iron from transfer into ferritin a precursor of hemoglobin.
6.Vitamin C also interacts with folic acid, iron, Vitamin B12 and protein and other minerals to form the red blood cells.
Causes of Vitamin C Deficiency :
Vitamin C Deficiency occurs
1.when there is Vitamin C deficiencies due to
a.diet - lactating mothers should take more Vitamin C
b.malabsorption as in celiac syndrome, sprue or hepatic cirrhosis
c.rapid loss of Vitamin C from the body
2.Severity of Vitamin C deficiency is inversely related to age.
It is more common in elderly people.
Symptoms of Vitamin C Deficiency :
1.Vitamin C Deficiency is a silent disease.
People with Vitamin C Deficiency often do not know that they have the condition.
2.Mucous membrane-swelling and bleeding of gums a condition called scurvy.
3.Skin- hyperkeratosis and metaplasia of skin and mucous membrane may occur and lead to increased susceptibility to infection.
4.Body function-weakness and fatigue
5.Mental-Brain dysfunction may occur in children with Vitamin C deficiency.
Diagnosis of Vitamin C Deficiency :
1.Blood Vitamin C levels are low
Treatment of Vitamin C Deficiency :
The goal of Vitamin C Deficiency treatment is the prevention of bleeding mucosa,gum and skin problems, and general immunity to illnesses.
Therefore, prevention of Vitamin C Deficiency is as important as treatment. Vitamin C Deficiency treatment and prevention measures are:
Medications:
Vitamin C supplements
Vitamin C is given at 50 mg to 100 mg per day orally until the response is adequate.
In fact the Chemistry nobel laureate Linus Pauling has advocated the daily dosage of Vitamin C of 1000mg to 5000mg daily as a prevention to colds and influenza.
However such high dosage treatment has been known to have strong side effects and is still controversial.
Side effects are:
1.Vitamin C is only excreted in the urine and such high dosage of Vitamin C being acidic can damage the kidneys.
2.Precipitation of uric acid stones can also occur
3.Gastric problem may occur as Vitamin C is a strong acid
Prognosis of Vitamin C Deficiency :
1.good response to treatment in vitamin C deficiency.
2.treat underlying cause such as malabsorption to get a good response in the treatment of Vitamin C Deficiency.
Prevention of Vitamin C Deficiency :
take more fresh fruits and vegetables.
Vitamin C Deficiency is a medical condition caused by the deficiency of the human body of Vitamin C as a result of inadequate dietary intake or impaired absorption.
Vitamin C or ascorbic acid is present in all living human tissues as an important antioxidant compound of cell metabolism.
It is unfortunately rapidly destroyed by heating in the presence of air.
Vitamin C is found primarily in
1.animal sources - animal organs such as liver and adrenals.
2.vegetable and fruit sources: Vitamin C is found in fresh green and yellow vegetables and fruits such as tomatoes, papaya, oranges, blackberries etc.
Optimal requirements of Vitamin C are:
1.adults and children above puberty: 70 mg daily
2.Infants and children before puberty: 30 mg daily
Functions of Vitamin C:
1.Vitamin C together is essential for the formation and maintenance of intercellular substances such as connective tissue, bones and cartilage.
2.Vitamin C is involved in the hydroxylation of proline to hydroxyproline which helps in wound healing.
3.Vitamin C stimulates defenses of the body to form antibodies and activates reticuloendothelial system.(walls of the blood vessels)
It is therefore useful in the prevention of people with low immunity to illnesses.
4.Vitamin C also strengthen the walls of the capillaries and blood vessels preventing bleeding.
5.Vitamin C transport iron from transfer into ferritin a precursor of hemoglobin.
6.Vitamin C also interacts with folic acid, iron, Vitamin B12 and protein and other minerals to form the red blood cells.
Causes of Vitamin C Deficiency :
Vitamin C Deficiency occurs
1.when there is Vitamin C deficiencies due to
a.diet - lactating mothers should take more Vitamin C
b.malabsorption as in celiac syndrome, sprue or hepatic cirrhosis
c.rapid loss of Vitamin C from the body
2.Severity of Vitamin C deficiency is inversely related to age.
It is more common in elderly people.
Symptoms of Vitamin C Deficiency :
1.Vitamin C Deficiency is a silent disease.
People with Vitamin C Deficiency often do not know that they have the condition.
2.Mucous membrane-swelling and bleeding of gums a condition called scurvy.
3.Skin- hyperkeratosis and metaplasia of skin and mucous membrane may occur and lead to increased susceptibility to infection.
4.Body function-weakness and fatigue
5.Mental-Brain dysfunction may occur in children with Vitamin C deficiency.
Diagnosis of Vitamin C Deficiency :
1.Blood Vitamin C levels are low
Treatment of Vitamin C Deficiency :
The goal of Vitamin C Deficiency treatment is the prevention of bleeding mucosa,gum and skin problems, and general immunity to illnesses.
Therefore, prevention of Vitamin C Deficiency is as important as treatment. Vitamin C Deficiency treatment and prevention measures are:
Medications:
Vitamin C supplements
Vitamin C is given at 50 mg to 100 mg per day orally until the response is adequate.
In fact the Chemistry nobel laureate Linus Pauling has advocated the daily dosage of Vitamin C of 1000mg to 5000mg daily as a prevention to colds and influenza.
However such high dosage treatment has been known to have strong side effects and is still controversial.
Side effects are:
1.Vitamin C is only excreted in the urine and such high dosage of Vitamin C being acidic can damage the kidneys.
2.Precipitation of uric acid stones can also occur
3.Gastric problem may occur as Vitamin C is a strong acid
Prognosis of Vitamin C Deficiency :
1.good response to treatment in vitamin C deficiency.
2.treat underlying cause such as malabsorption to get a good response in the treatment of Vitamin C Deficiency.
Prevention of Vitamin C Deficiency :
take more fresh fruits and vegetables.
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