DOC I HAVE FOOD ALLERGIESOne of the most common types of the allergy is food allergy. Your immune system believes that food proteins which you enter in your body are harmful, so it reacts with attack. Your immune system make mistake so it recognizes substances of the food as harmful. Immune system makes amounts of the antibodies which try to fight these substances. The causes of Food Allergy are: Every food may cause allergy, but the most foods that are cause of allergy are: 1.tree nuts, peanut,and hazelnut 2.milk, 3.Eggs are rare food allergy, but this food may trigger anaphylaxis 4.fish,seafood like shellfish, prawns, crabs,lobsters or squids 5.duck 6.soy, wheat . Majority of people outgrow their food allergies, but there are people who are allergic on certain food for whole life. In that case the best solution is to avoid these foods. So, before you have to eat something, it is recommended to read all ingredients in the food. If you find that food contain ingredients on which you are allergic, you shouldn't eat it The symptoms of Food Allergy are: Food allergy symptoms may vary from mild to total collapse of the body, followed in the worst cases with the death. These severe symptoms of food allergy are known as anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is followed with violent allergic reaction from certain types of the food. Most common symptoms of the food allergy are: 1.Feeling of tingling in the mouth 2.Tongue and throat swelling 3.Problem with breathing, difficult breathing 4.Hives 5.Vomiting 6.Cramps in the stomach 7.Diarrhea 8.Low Blood pressure 9.In the worst cases death Usually these symptoms appear within minutes to two hours after you have entered certain food to which you are allergic. The Treatment of Food Allergy is: Medical treatment may be urgent in severe cases of food allergy. 1. One of the medical treatment is also known as epinephrine or also known as adrenaline. This medication is only for most severe cases. 2.Antihistamines are used to counter the histamine in the food causing the allergy 3.Corticosteroids may be given to counter the immune reactions from the food allergy Prevention of food allergy is by: If you are allergic on certain food, it doesn't mean that you should stop with eating food on which you are not allergic. It is recommended to write a food diary and make a list of the food on which you are allergic. If you got some reaction to certain food, you need to write in your diary the food that cause allergy. This food diary will help the doctor know which food you are allergic to. |
Tuesday, December 6, 2011
FOOD ALLERGIES
Sunday, December 4, 2011
PANIC ATTACKS
DOC I HAVE A PANIC ATTACK
Panic attacks are sudden feelings of terror occuring without warning.
These episodes can occur at any time even while asleep
Most people with panic attacks may experience:
1.Fast heart beats
2.Feeling weak, giddy or faint
3.Tingling or numbness in the hands and fingers
4.Sense of terror of impending doom or death
5.Having cold sweats
6.Chest pains
7.Breathing difficulties
8.Feeling loss of control
Panic attacks are generally short lasting less than ten minutes
People with one panic attack are at greater risk for having another panic attacks than those who never had a panic attack.
Panic Disorder is when the attacks occur repeatedly .
The causes of Panic attacks are:
A.Panic attacks may be symptoms of an anxiety disorder.
Panic attacks occur twice as often for women than men.
The peak age of a person's first panic attack (onset) is 15-19 years.
Unlike other anxiety forms, panic attacks are very sudden and often unexpected, unprovoked, and are often disabling.
B.Panic attacks can also occur in:
1.posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD),
2.schizophrenia,
3.intoxication (alcohol or drugs)
4.thyroid abnormalities
5.anemia,
6.certain medications such as:
a.stimulants like methylphenidate (Ritalin),
b.diabetes medications like metformin and insulin,
c.antimalarial medications like quinine,
d.food additives like aspartame
7.withdrawal from certain drugs of abuse.
8.corticosteroid withdrawal, such as withdrawal from dexamethasone (Decadron).
The types of Panic attacks are:
During a panic attack he or she may develop irrational fears called phobias,
At this stage, the person is said to have panic disorder with agoraphobia.
The symptoms and signs of Panic Attacks are:
The symptoms of a panic attack appear suddenly, without any apparent cause.
1.racing or pounding heartbeat (palpitations);
2.chest pains;
3.stomach upset;
4.dizziness, lightheadedness, nausea;
5.difficulty breathing, a sense of feeling smothered;
6.tingling or numbness in the hands;
7.hot flashes or chills;
8.trembling and shaking;
9.dreamlike sensations or perceptual distortions;
10.terror, a sense that something unimaginably horrible is about to occur and one is powerless to prevent it;
11.a need to escape;
12.nervousness about the possibility of losing control and doing something embarrassing;
13.fear of dying.
The duration of a panic attack typically lasts for more than 10 minutes,
The Complications from a Panic Attack are:
individuals with panic disorder seem to be at higher risk of having a heart valve abnormality called mitral valve prolapse (MVP)which needs special precautions to be taken when treated for any dental problem.
Anxiety attacks while asleep called nocturnal panic attacks affect about 40%-70% of those who suffer from daytime panic attacks.
People who suffer from panic symptoms while sleeping tend to
1.have more respiratory distress associated with their panic.
2.experience more symptoms of depression and other psychiatric disorders
3.to wake suddenly from sleep in a state of sudden fear or dread for no apparent reason.
The duration of nocturnal panic attacks tends to be less than 10 minutes.
Treatment of Panic Attacks:
1.Reassurance from Doctors that it is not dangerous.ECG is done to exclude heart conditions.
2.Rest
3.Psychotherapy and counseling
4.Mild tranquilliser may be given if necessary
5.Avoid drinking alcohol, smoking, and stimulant drugs
Panic attacks in children may result
1.in the child's grades declining,
2.avoiding school and other separations from parents,
3.substance abuse,
4.depression, and
5.suicidal thoughts, plans, and actions.
Panic attacks are sudden feelings of terror occuring without warning.
These episodes can occur at any time even while asleep
Most people with panic attacks may experience:
1.Fast heart beats
2.Feeling weak, giddy or faint
3.Tingling or numbness in the hands and fingers
4.Sense of terror of impending doom or death
5.Having cold sweats
6.Chest pains
7.Breathing difficulties
8.Feeling loss of control
Panic attacks are generally short lasting less than ten minutes
People with one panic attack are at greater risk for having another panic attacks than those who never had a panic attack.
Panic Disorder is when the attacks occur repeatedly .
The causes of Panic attacks are:
A.Panic attacks may be symptoms of an anxiety disorder.
Panic attacks occur twice as often for women than men.
The peak age of a person's first panic attack (onset) is 15-19 years.
Unlike other anxiety forms, panic attacks are very sudden and often unexpected, unprovoked, and are often disabling.
B.Panic attacks can also occur in:
1.posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD),
2.schizophrenia,
3.intoxication (alcohol or drugs)
4.thyroid abnormalities
5.anemia,
6.certain medications such as:
a.stimulants like methylphenidate (Ritalin),
b.diabetes medications like metformin and insulin,
c.antimalarial medications like quinine,
d.food additives like aspartame
7.withdrawal from certain drugs of abuse.
8.corticosteroid withdrawal, such as withdrawal from dexamethasone (Decadron).
The types of Panic attacks are:
During a panic attack he or she may develop irrational fears called phobias,
At this stage, the person is said to have panic disorder with agoraphobia.
The symptoms and signs of Panic Attacks are:
The symptoms of a panic attack appear suddenly, without any apparent cause.
1.racing or pounding heartbeat (palpitations);
2.chest pains;
3.stomach upset;
4.dizziness, lightheadedness, nausea;
5.difficulty breathing, a sense of feeling smothered;
6.tingling or numbness in the hands;
7.hot flashes or chills;
8.trembling and shaking;
9.dreamlike sensations or perceptual distortions;
10.terror, a sense that something unimaginably horrible is about to occur and one is powerless to prevent it;
11.a need to escape;
12.nervousness about the possibility of losing control and doing something embarrassing;
13.fear of dying.
The duration of a panic attack typically lasts for more than 10 minutes,
The Complications from a Panic Attack are:
individuals with panic disorder seem to be at higher risk of having a heart valve abnormality called mitral valve prolapse (MVP)which needs special precautions to be taken when treated for any dental problem.
Anxiety attacks while asleep called nocturnal panic attacks affect about 40%-70% of those who suffer from daytime panic attacks.
People who suffer from panic symptoms while sleeping tend to
1.have more respiratory distress associated with their panic.
2.experience more symptoms of depression and other psychiatric disorders
3.to wake suddenly from sleep in a state of sudden fear or dread for no apparent reason.
The duration of nocturnal panic attacks tends to be less than 10 minutes.
Treatment of Panic Attacks:
1.Reassurance from Doctors that it is not dangerous.ECG is done to exclude heart conditions.
2.Rest
3.Psychotherapy and counseling
4.Mild tranquilliser may be given if necessary
5.Avoid drinking alcohol, smoking, and stimulant drugs
Panic attacks in children may result
1.in the child's grades declining,
2.avoiding school and other separations from parents,
3.substance abuse,
4.depression, and
5.suicidal thoughts, plans, and actions.
Friday, December 2, 2011
AGING
DOC I AM AGING
Aging is the process where the human body accumulate damage to its cells. tissues and organs as it grows older.
This accumulated damage is believed to be the result of oxidation damage to the cell contents from free radicals.
Average and maximum lifespans:
The maximum life span for humans is currently maximized at approximately 120 years
Average lifespan in a population is lowered:
1.infant and child mortality is frequently linked to infectious diseases or nutrition problems.
2.accidents and age-related chronic disease such as cancer or cardiovascular disease play an increasing role in mortality.
Extension of lifespan can often be achieved by:
1.improved medical care,
2.vaccinations,
3.good diet,
4.exercise
5.avoidance of bad habits such as smoking.
Maximum lifespan is determined by
1.the rate of aging inherent in its genes and by environmental factors.
2.calorie restriction.
3.breeding from only older members.
Anti-aging medicine is the study of slowing down or reversing the processes of aging to extend both the maximum and average lifespan.
In Theory extension of maximum lifespan could be achieved by
1. reducing the rate of aging damage,
2. periodic replacement of damaged tissues,
3. molecular repair or rejuvenation of deteriorated cells and tissues
4. enhancement of telomerase enzyme activity.
Diets and supplements
1.nutrition—diets or supplements—as a means to extend lifespan
2.antioxidant supplements, such as Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Q10, lipoic acid, carnosine, and N-acetylcysteine, may extend life if the free radical theory of extending life is to be believed
3.oxytocin, insulin, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and erythropoietin (EPO).
4.Resveratrol is a sirtuin stimulant that appears to extend lifespan in simple organisms
Hormone treatments
1.low-dose GH treatment for adults with GH deficiency changes the body composition by
a.increasing muscle mass, decreasing fat mass,
b.increasing bone density and muscle strength,
c.improves cardiovascular parameters (i.e. decrease of LDL cholesterol)
d.affects the quality of life without significant side effects.
Nanotechnology
nanomedicine could give rise to life extension through the repair of many processes thought to be responsible for aging.
Cloning and body part replacement
therapeutic cloning and stem cell research could one day provide a way to generate cells, body parts, or even entire bodies that would be genetically identical to a prospective patient.
Cryonics
1.storing the body at low temperatures after death may provide an entry into a future in which advanced medical technologies may allow resuscitation and repair.
2.cryogenic temperatures will minimize changes in biological tissue for many years, giving the medical community ample time to cure all disease, rejuvenate the aged and repair any damage that is caused by the cryopreservation process.
Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence (SENS)
combine existing and predicted future biochemical and genetic techniques to a cure for cancer, stem cell treatments, addition of new enzymes to the human body and moving mitochondrial DNA to the cellular nucleus.
Genetic modification
artificial genes are integrated with an organism to replace mutated or otherwise deficient genes,
Targeting catalase to the mitochondria resulted in a 20% lifespan increase in mice, and improved performance in therapeutically infected mice.
Fooling genes
an approach to life-extension that involves fooling genes into thinking the body is young
The basic idea is that our bodies are composed of genes that activate throughout our lifetimes, some when we are young, and others when we are older.
These genes are activated by environmental factors and the changes caused by these genes activating can be fatal.
Aging is the process where the human body accumulate damage to its cells. tissues and organs as it grows older.
This accumulated damage is believed to be the result of oxidation damage to the cell contents from free radicals.
Average and maximum lifespans:
The maximum life span for humans is currently maximized at approximately 120 years
Average lifespan in a population is lowered:
1.infant and child mortality is frequently linked to infectious diseases or nutrition problems.
2.accidents and age-related chronic disease such as cancer or cardiovascular disease play an increasing role in mortality.
Extension of lifespan can often be achieved by:
1.improved medical care,
2.vaccinations,
3.good diet,
4.exercise
5.avoidance of bad habits such as smoking.
Maximum lifespan is determined by
1.the rate of aging inherent in its genes and by environmental factors.
2.calorie restriction.
3.breeding from only older members.
Anti-aging medicine is the study of slowing down or reversing the processes of aging to extend both the maximum and average lifespan.
In Theory extension of maximum lifespan could be achieved by
1. reducing the rate of aging damage,
2. periodic replacement of damaged tissues,
3. molecular repair or rejuvenation of deteriorated cells and tissues
4. enhancement of telomerase enzyme activity.
Diets and supplements
1.nutrition—diets or supplements—as a means to extend lifespan
2.antioxidant supplements, such as Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Q10, lipoic acid, carnosine, and N-acetylcysteine, may extend life if the free radical theory of extending life is to be believed
3.oxytocin, insulin, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and erythropoietin (EPO).
4.Resveratrol is a sirtuin stimulant that appears to extend lifespan in simple organisms
Hormone treatments
1.low-dose GH treatment for adults with GH deficiency changes the body composition by
a.increasing muscle mass, decreasing fat mass,
b.increasing bone density and muscle strength,
c.improves cardiovascular parameters (i.e. decrease of LDL cholesterol)
d.affects the quality of life without significant side effects.
Nanotechnology
nanomedicine could give rise to life extension through the repair of many processes thought to be responsible for aging.
Cloning and body part replacement
therapeutic cloning and stem cell research could one day provide a way to generate cells, body parts, or even entire bodies that would be genetically identical to a prospective patient.
Cryonics
1.storing the body at low temperatures after death may provide an entry into a future in which advanced medical technologies may allow resuscitation and repair.
2.cryogenic temperatures will minimize changes in biological tissue for many years, giving the medical community ample time to cure all disease, rejuvenate the aged and repair any damage that is caused by the cryopreservation process.
Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence (SENS)
combine existing and predicted future biochemical and genetic techniques to a cure for cancer, stem cell treatments, addition of new enzymes to the human body and moving mitochondrial DNA to the cellular nucleus.
Genetic modification
artificial genes are integrated with an organism to replace mutated or otherwise deficient genes,
Targeting catalase to the mitochondria resulted in a 20% lifespan increase in mice, and improved performance in therapeutically infected mice.
Fooling genes
an approach to life-extension that involves fooling genes into thinking the body is young
The basic idea is that our bodies are composed of genes that activate throughout our lifetimes, some when we are young, and others when we are older.
These genes are activated by environmental factors and the changes caused by these genes activating can be fatal.
Thursday, December 1, 2011
PREGNANCY TRIMESTERS
DOC I AM PREGNANT 2
Pregnancy is typically broken into three periods, or trimesters, each of about three months.
First Trimester:
The first 12 weeks of pregnancy are considered to make up the first trimester.
The first two weeks are the two weeks before conception.
The third week is the week in which fertilization occurs.
In the 4th week, the fertilized egg reaches the uterus and burrows into its wall which provides it with the nutrients it needs. At this point it is called an embryo which connects via the umbilical cord to the placenta in the wall of the womb.
The 5th week marks the start of the development of the embryo.
This is the time when the embryo's brain, spinal cord, heart and other organs begin to form.
At this point the embryo is made up of three layers,
1.the top one (called the ectoderm) will give to the embryo's layer of skin, central and peripheral nervous systems, eyes, inner ear, and many connective tissues
2.the middle layer (the mesoderm) will give rise to the heart and the beginning of the circulatory system as well as the bones, muscles and kidneys.
3.the inner layer (the endoderm) will give rise to the development of the lungs, intestine and bladder.
In the 6th week, the embryo will be developing basic facial features
Its arms and legs also start to grow.
In the 7th week, the brain, face and arms and legs quickly develop.
In the 8th week, the embryo starts moving
In the next 3 weeks, the embryo's toes, neck and genitals develop as well.
By the end of the first trimester, the fetus will be about 3 inches (76 mm) long and will weigh approximately 1 ounce(28g).
Second trimester
Weeks 13 to 28 of the pregnancy are called the second trimester.
Most women feel more energetic in this period, starting to put on weight as the symptoms of morning sickness fade away.
The movement of the fetus, often referred to as "quickening", typically happens in the fourth month, and can be felt in the 20th to 21st week, or earlier if the woman has been pregnant before.
The placenta fully functions at this time and the fetus makes insulin and urinates.
The reproductive organs differentiate the fetus as male or female.
Third trimester
Final weight gain takes place from the 29 to 40 weeks of pregnancy.
The fetus will be growing the most rapidly gaining up to 28 g per day.
The woman's belly will transform in shape as the belly drops due to the fetus turning in a downward position ready for birth.
Fetal movement can become quite strong and can be uncomfortable to the woman.
This period of her pregnancy can be uncomfortable, causing symptoms like weak bladder control and backache.
Movement of the fetus becomes stronger and more frequent.
There is head engagement ( the fetal head descends into the pelvic cavity) so that only a small part can be felt abdominally.
The perenium and cervix are further flattened and the head may be felt vaginally.
Because the head engagement severely reduces bladder capacity, increases pressure on the pelvic floor and the rectum,the
mother may experience the perpetual sensation that the fetus will "fall out" at any moment.
Childbirth
This is the process whereby an infant is born.
It is considered to be the beginning of the infant's life.
A woman is considered to be in labour when she begins experiencing regular uterine contractions, accompanied by changes of her cervix — primarily effacement and dilation. There may be waterbag bursting or blood(show)
Most childbirth is widely regarded as painful, some women do report painless labours
Most births are successful vaginal births, but sometimes complications arise and a woman may undergo a cesarean section.
During the time immediately after birth, both the mother and the baby are hormonally cued to bond, the mother through the release of oxytocin, a hormone also released during breastfeeding.
Pregnancy is typically broken into three periods, or trimesters, each of about three months.
First Trimester:
The first 12 weeks of pregnancy are considered to make up the first trimester.
The first two weeks are the two weeks before conception.
The third week is the week in which fertilization occurs.
In the 4th week, the fertilized egg reaches the uterus and burrows into its wall which provides it with the nutrients it needs. At this point it is called an embryo which connects via the umbilical cord to the placenta in the wall of the womb.
The 5th week marks the start of the development of the embryo.
This is the time when the embryo's brain, spinal cord, heart and other organs begin to form.
At this point the embryo is made up of three layers,
1.the top one (called the ectoderm) will give to the embryo's layer of skin, central and peripheral nervous systems, eyes, inner ear, and many connective tissues
2.the middle layer (the mesoderm) will give rise to the heart and the beginning of the circulatory system as well as the bones, muscles and kidneys.
3.the inner layer (the endoderm) will give rise to the development of the lungs, intestine and bladder.
In the 6th week, the embryo will be developing basic facial features
Its arms and legs also start to grow.
In the 7th week, the brain, face and arms and legs quickly develop.
In the 8th week, the embryo starts moving
In the next 3 weeks, the embryo's toes, neck and genitals develop as well.
By the end of the first trimester, the fetus will be about 3 inches (76 mm) long and will weigh approximately 1 ounce(28g).
Second trimester
Weeks 13 to 28 of the pregnancy are called the second trimester.
Most women feel more energetic in this period, starting to put on weight as the symptoms of morning sickness fade away.
The movement of the fetus, often referred to as "quickening", typically happens in the fourth month, and can be felt in the 20th to 21st week, or earlier if the woman has been pregnant before.
The placenta fully functions at this time and the fetus makes insulin and urinates.
The reproductive organs differentiate the fetus as male or female.
Third trimester
Final weight gain takes place from the 29 to 40 weeks of pregnancy.
The fetus will be growing the most rapidly gaining up to 28 g per day.
The woman's belly will transform in shape as the belly drops due to the fetus turning in a downward position ready for birth.
Fetal movement can become quite strong and can be uncomfortable to the woman.
This period of her pregnancy can be uncomfortable, causing symptoms like weak bladder control and backache.
Movement of the fetus becomes stronger and more frequent.
There is head engagement ( the fetal head descends into the pelvic cavity) so that only a small part can be felt abdominally.
The perenium and cervix are further flattened and the head may be felt vaginally.
Because the head engagement severely reduces bladder capacity, increases pressure on the pelvic floor and the rectum,the
mother may experience the perpetual sensation that the fetus will "fall out" at any moment.
Childbirth
This is the process whereby an infant is born.
It is considered to be the beginning of the infant's life.
A woman is considered to be in labour when she begins experiencing regular uterine contractions, accompanied by changes of her cervix — primarily effacement and dilation. There may be waterbag bursting or blood(show)
Most childbirth is widely regarded as painful, some women do report painless labours
Most births are successful vaginal births, but sometimes complications arise and a woman may undergo a cesarean section.
During the time immediately after birth, both the mother and the baby are hormonally cued to bond, the mother through the release of oxytocin, a hormone also released during breastfeeding.
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