AEROBICS

DOC WHAT IS AEROBICS?

Accordingly, aerobics is defined as “a method of physical exercise for producing beneficial changes in the respiratory and circulatory systems by activities which require meeting a modest increase of oxygen intake and so can be maintained."

Because of today’s many new illnesses (hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and other cardiovascular conditions) brought about by modern man’s generally inactive physical lifestyle, experts strongly recommend aerobics for everyone.

Aerobic exercise

The common definition of aerobics is simply the activity that consists of low-intensity repetitive motions of mostly the large muscles of the arms and legs for a period of time. This activity increases breathing and heart rate.

Most low-intensity activities you do during the day also fall under this category. It includes such regular activities as walking, jogging, swimming, and cycling.

For individuals who are beginners in exercise programs, or maybe have histories of health conditions, light exercise routines are recommended at first on most days of the week.

Cardiovascular benefits

Experts advise that these aerobic exercises have to be performed at moderate intensity. This level of activity is safe for almost everyone, and it still provides the desired health benefits.

Recent research brings in additional good news. It is revealed that aerobics performers can still have cardiovascular benefits even if the exercise routine (usually 30 minutes total) is broken into three or four 8-10 minute segments, as long as they are of the same intensity.

Intensity

Doctors, however, discourage infrequent bouts of high-intensity aerobics routines. It is found that this approach is not very healthy.

In the first place, reduction in risks of hypertension, high cholesterol, type 2 diabetes and other conditions depends on the total volume of the exercise done, rather than on intensity.

Higher intensity exercise activities raise your chances for muscle or joint injury. Worse, it may trigger fatal consequences because of heart rhythm disturbances.

Aerobics instructors always begin their sessions with light stretching and low-intensity movements for about 5 to 10 minutes. This warm-up routine is important to avoid injury. At the end of the routine, a similar cooling-down period for about 5 to 10 minutes is also done.

Benefits

As had been proven these years, people who engaged in regular aerobics have been known to benefit by way of lower blood cholesterol counts, lower blood pressure, toned body because of fat reduction and beneficial weight loss.

They have been known to have developed muscular and overall body endurance, have a happier disposition and moods, and a medically-certified general lower risk to cardiovascular diseases.

Common activities

The best part is the easy way on how to do your aerobics, even without going to the gym and participating in gym routines.

Doctors recommend a simple walk that totals around 10,000 steps a day. Start with something lower, and add the number of steps slowly everyday until you reach your goal.

Done on a regular basis, brisk walking is guaranteed to erase your common health risks. Your need for aerobics is not be that hard to fill up.

HYPNOTHERAPY

DOC WHAT IS HYPNOTHERAPY?

Hypnotherapy is the use of hypnosis to treat patients who are in pain or who are having problems within their minds.

The word Hypnotherapy is based off the word "Hypnos," and this was the name of the Greek god of sleep.

Those who use hypnotherapy believe that patients who enter a trance are much more likely to listen to suggestions which are given to them.

Some conditions which are treated by hypnotherapy are
1.pain,
2.stress,
3.obesity,
4.smoking,  
5.amnesia.
6.hysteria

While many of these conditions are related to the mind, some functional ailments can be treated as well.

Hypnotherapy is a practice that was started by the Ancient Egyptians and Indians. Here the practice would often have a religious tone, and both music and dance was included in the practice.

It wasn't until the 19th century that a number of healers begin developing the methods that would come to be known as hypnosis. Franz Anton Mesmer developed a theory which has come to be known as animal magnetism.

He did extensive research on hysteria, and his studies indicated that advanced cases were similar to what is called a post-traumatic stress disorder.

The work of Sigmund Freud also played an important role in the development of hypnotherapy.

A number of criticisms have been made against the practice:

1.Some believe that the connection between the patient and the therapist may cause problems.

2.The patient may want to please the therapist, or they may worry that the therapist doesn't like them.

However, many of these claims are inconsistent because clinical hypnotherapy will generally take place in a medical facility.

There are a number of common techniques that are used in this practice.
1.Regression method-One of the primary techniques is age regression. The hypnotist will attempt to mentally return the patient to a previous state, and this will often be done to help the patient gain something that they have lost.

2.Revivification -the second technique that is commonly used in hypnotherapy is called revivification. In this technique, the hypnotist will help the patient remember previous experiences they've had. As an example, the hypnotist may ask a patient if they have ever been fishing, and if they have been, they will begin recalling the time that they went fishing, and there will be no need for the hynotist to create a new state.

3.Guided Imagery -another common method that is used in hypnotherapy is called a guided imagery. With this technique, the hypnotist will guide the patient through a pleasant experience.

4.Repetition method-The hypnotist may often repeat certain ideas or concepts in order to get the patient to accept them, and this is called repetition.

In general, people are more relaxed when they are in a dream state. When a person is able to visualize something they desire, research has shown that it is much more likely that they will obtain it.

In this situation, the goal of the hypnotist is to help the patient achieve a desired goal.

This technique has primarily been used to help people on a mental level since the 19th century.

MAJOR COSMETIC SURGERY

DOC WHAT ARE THE MORE MAJOR COSMETIC SURGERIES AND PROCEDURES

Major Cosmetic Surgeries which has some risks:
1.Facelifts for patients with wrinkles, excess folds of skin over jaw and neck.
During a facelift operation the wrinkles and excess skin  are eliminated by by tightening of the skin pulling it upwards and backwards.The purpose of the surgery is to give the patient a natural face tension and smooth skin without excess skin under the jaws and neck.Complications to this surgery include bleeding and infection, damage to the facial nerve .Incisions are hidden within the hairline and in front of the ear.
A normal facelift can last for 5 to 10 years.However not all wrinkles can be eliminated.

2.Eyelid surgery such as double eyelids, removal of bags under the eye and drooping eyelids:
Double eyelids operations are done by incision(cut) under local anesthesia of the skin of eyelid, excess fat is removed and the upper eyelid muscle(levator palpebae superior) is attached to the upper eyelid skin to simulate a natural fold. The result is an eye that look brighter and more awake.
Drooping eyelids are due to stretching of upper eyelid skin as a result of aging.
Removal of the excess skin and any excess fat tissue through an incision of the upper eyelid under local anesthesia will tighten the upper eyelid and prevent drooping.
Bags under the eyes is due mainly to aging with congestion of blood, water and fat under the eye as well as looseness of the lower eyelid. They make a person look tired, sad and old. Excess fat, skin is removed through an incision very close to the margin of the lower eye under local anesthesia.
Recurrence of all 3 conditions can occur after a few years.

3.Nose operation includes reduction of large nose or augmenting a flat nose.
Reduction Rhinoplasty: here the nose is too large,so the operation require dissection of the nasal bone with fine saws and reduction of cartilage under general anesthesia to give the desired shape.
Augmentation Rhinoplasty:The nose is too small, the bridge is too low or the tip is too short .The best way to reshape the nose is with a silicone implant tto alter the shape of the nose aand lift the bridge and tip of nose.This is done under local anesthesia through incision through the nostril so there is no obvious scar.

4.Reduction of bat ears which are sticking out can be done by reshaping the abnormal  ear cartilage and the ear folded backwards until it is parallel to the side of the face. This is done under local anesthesia and usually done for children before going to school.

5.Chin and neck problem can be either protruding too much forward or too far backwards.  Where there is no problem with teeth alignment, treatment is easier with reshaping of the front of the jaw bone.
In cases where the jaw is too short, the shape of the jaw can be corrected with a silicone implant through a small incision inside the mouth.
Where there is problem with teeh alignment, the jaw may be required to be shortened and the teeth realigned. This usually requred the services of a specialist dental surgeon.
Double chin patients usually have too much fat and skin under the neck. The fat and can be removed through a small incision in the neck under local anesthesia and the excess skin can also be removed easily by surgery.

6.The breasts can be either too small or too big.
Augmentation surgery usually involve the insertion of a silicone or saline prosthesis into the space between the breast and the chest wall through an incision under the breast.
Reduction of large breast is done under general anesthesia in hospital with removal of excess breast tissue and transplant of the nipple higher to a normal position.

7.Spare tyre may be in the form of excess fatty tissue and loose skin.
The commonest area is in the bulging abdomen especially in the elderly and in women with several pregnancies. The commonest way to remove excess fat is by liposuction which is done under general anesthesia to suck out most of the fat tissues in the abdominal area, thighs, hips or buttocks.The fat is often softened with saline or liquefying agent.
In cases where there is excessive loosness of the skin some surgery may be needed to remove the excess skin and tighten the muscles of the abdomen.

8.Collagen and botox injections: Collagen injections are used to fill up the depression of scar tissue or deep wrinkles. They are also used to tighten the sphincter of urinary tracts or anus in incontinence cases.
Botox injections are used to numb the nerves of the skin so that the muscles of the skin do not tighten to cause wrinkles.

HEALTH EDUCATION

THE IMPORTANCE OF HEALTH EDUCATION AS AN INTEGRAL PART OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

by Kenneth Kee 1993

A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctorate of Philosophy with a Major in Health Care Administration and approved in 1993

ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION:

This paper examines how health education and promotion forms an integral part of the Primary Health Care System.

It also shows how the concept of health has changed from its original definition by the World Health Organization as a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of of disease and infirmity to something more realistic, dynamic and measurable.

The original definition has been described as an ideal state which is rarely attainable in real life.

The definition of of health care has also changed from a hospital based curative medicine to one of Primary Health Care and Preventive Medicine.

Primary Health Care is emphasized as the cornerstone of all good health care systems.

The escalating cost of health care associated with high technology and hospital based medicine in the treatment and rehabilitation of chronic diseases has led to the realization among many health care providers that many of the risk factors in the chronic diseases can be prevented at the Primary health care level.

A more rational approach to the current health may require more of a preventable rather than a curative approach in medical treatment.

To this end health education and promotion has proved its importance in the fight against disease and form an integral part of the health care system.

This paper also examines some well known models of health education and promotion such as the Tanahill's model of identifying key groups and their roles in health education and the Green's Proceed-Precede planning framework which identifies various behavioral and environmental factors affecting health.

It recommends various strategies for the [promotion of health such as formulation of definite goals, intersectional collaboration in health education and community participation in health education and community participation.

This dissertation about health education has brought me more knowledge about health issues than 20 years of practice in the field of primary health care.

It has focused my mind on the very important field of preventive medicine and health education.

It has made me more determined than ever to continue my work as a health educator as well as a medical practitioner

It has made me even more aware of the need of continuous medical education to keep abreast of the latest advances in medicine.

Unless I continuously update my medical knowledge I will not be able to explain the latest medical advance to my patient.

Lastly I must always remember that it is the patient who will benefit from my knowledge and that knowledge is not to be kept but to be imparted.

In the words of Professor Rosalind Miller:

"it is a society with myopic vision that foster episodic medical care than health care that includes Primary prevention particularly for those at greatest risk and where social welfare and health problems are indispensable"