BRISTOL STOOL SCALE

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DOC HOW DO I KNOW WHETHER MY STOOL IS NORMAL

Actually many people do not know the definition of diarrhea.

They define the word diarrhea as watery stools where in fact the word diarrhea means any stools which are softer or more frequent than normal.

The researchers at the Bristol University have come out with a scale which is called the Bristol Stool Scale.

According to the Bristol Stool Scale, the seven types of stools
are:
1.Type 1: Separate hard lumps like nuts
2.Type 2: Sausage shaped but lumpy
3.Type 3: like a Sausage but with cracks on its surface
4.Type 4: like a Sausage or snake, smooth and soft
5.Type 5: soft blobs with clear cut edges
6.Type 6: Fluffy pieces with ragged edges, a mushy stool
7.Type 7: Watery, no solid pieces. Entirely liquid.

Type 1 and 2 indicate constipation while type 5-7 indicate diarrhea. Type 3 and 4 are considered ideal stools because they are the easiest to pass.

Avoidance of constipation include:

1. Increase in daily fiber intake to at least 15gm (eg. 1 bowl of bran cereal for breakfast),
fruits and vegetables).
Fibre increases the bulk of the stool allowing easy passage of stools through the large
intestine.

2. Drink at least 8 glasses of water a day (2 liters). Water reduces the hardness of stools.

3. Regular exercises at least 2-3 times a day especially after meals. Exercise will enhance
intestinal movement.

4. Allow a distraction free period of 15 min a day for bowel movement. The strongest
intestinal movement occurs after breakfast.

5. Do not ignore or suppress the urge to pass bowel movement. This may impair the
sensation to detect initiation of bowel movement leading to constipation.

Avoidance of  diarrhea include:

1.washing your hands thoroughly for 20 seconds after using the bathroom or changing diapers

2.washing your hands thoroughly for 20 seconds before eating

3.disinfecting contaminated surfaces such as counter tops and baby changing stations

4.Avoid eating or drinking foods or liquids that might be contaminated

5.Avoid rapid intestinal movement from stress, irritable bowel syndrome

Please read my blogs on constipation and diarrhea

BIRD FLU

DOC I HAVE BIRD FLU

Bird Flu or more correctly, avian flu is new strain of influenza virus H5N1 which can infect humans.

It has been around for 1987 and was expected to be the next big pandemic to hit the world.

Millions of birds and poultry has been culled all these countries especially in Thailand and China.

Just in December 2011 there has been a few cases found in Hong Kong where culling of poultry has been done .

The number of cases of avian flu in humans in the current outbreak is very small, and almost all have come about by direct contact with infected or dead birds or poultry.

The first outbreak of bird flu occurred in 1987 . Since then the bird flu have claimed at least 306 human lives in Azerbaijan, Cambodia, China, Egypt, Indonesia, Iraq, Laos, Nigeria, Pakistan, Thailand, Turkey, and Vietnam.

Just as recent as December 2011 one woman in Shenzhen which is in southern China died of bird flu(H5N1).

On January 7th 2012 another person also died of Bird flu in Indonesia.

Central to the problem of dealing with bird flu is diagnosis.
A number of upper respiratory infections have similar symptoms—at least at the onset of the illness, including the common cold, seasonal influenza, and bird flu.

Seasonal flu and bird flu have almost identical symptoms:
1.fever,
2.cough,
3.malaise (feeling unwell),
4.nausea,
5.vomiting,
6.diarrhea.

The Multiplexed Respiratory Test, discriminates influenza A from influenza B and identifies the H5-subtype of influenza A (bird flu is “H5N1”) from all other H subtypes.
In addition, it can identify almost all the other common—and some uncommon—viruses that cause influenza-like illnesses.

Preparation to treat a bird flu epidemic:
1. The single most important thing for an epidemic such as avian bird flu is to have well-prepared local health care systems.

2. Regular hand washing, and other beneficial cleanliness custom may save more lives than all other medicines combined.

3. The proper recognition and prizes should be given to those who have come up with effective vaccines for the avian bird flu disease. On the same note, vaccine makers should be given the freedom to make use of state materials needed for the vaccines.

4. Relevant drugs and vaccines for the avian bird flu disease should be bought and sold at fair prices.

5. Make preparations to ensure the continuity of food and power supplies.

6. It is therefore appropriate to have local health authorities ready to be used when the situation calls for it.

7. Encourage the formation of prediction markets about the avian bird flu epidemic.

8. There should be useful information about the progress of avian flu.

This will be especially useful in some Asian countries where the avian bird flu epidemic is expected to be rampant.

9. The World Health Organization should be prepared for such a bird flu epidemic.

During an avian bird flu epidemic, there are also things that should not be done:
1. Tamiflu and vaccine stockpiling have their useful roles.

In addition to the medical limitations of these investments(Tamiflu is losing its effect on most influenza because of their frequent use especially in Hong Kong), other institutional factors, such as transportation, will restrict the ability to allocate these supplies promptly to the persons needing them(healthcare and emergency staff)

2. Quarantines and mass isolations are useless in a bird flu epidemic.

3. In an avian bird flu epidemic  the health authorities must be in full control of the situation

4. It is pointless to block off or isolate the pandemic in its country of origin.It may have spread abroad already. Besides birds are migratory.

5.Public places such as schools and marketplaces should be closed immediately to be on the safe side.

5. People should not obsess over avian bird flu at the expense of other medical issues.

BED BUGS

DOC I HAVE BEEN BITTEN BY BED BUGS

What are Bed Bugs?

A Bed Bug is an insect called Cimex lectularius which is a small living insect that one can hardly see with the naked eye.

Bed bugs can be found in schools, hotels, apartments and houses. They can usually crawl and hide themselves in clothes, quilts, bed covers, pillow, furniture, cracks and crevices in the home.

Bed bugs are usually active at night. They mostly bite at exposed skin area such as face, neck, arms, hands feet etc. leaving swelling and redness at those bitten areas.

Their bites are characterized by itchiness and secondary skin infections.

Bed bugs are very flexible and tough insects because after they eat once in their life  they can spend their whole life span on that single meal.

The Life span of bed bugs is only one year.

Bedbugs can survive as long as up to one year without sucking blood.

The female bug can lay lay eggs three times in their life. and 300 eggs at one time. The eggs hatch in 6-10 days into adult bed bugs.

What are the Symptoms of Bed Bugs?

1.itching which is worse at night

2.rashes and abrasions on the skin due to scratching and secondary infections.

Rashes typically are present on legs and arms, sometimes on the body , seldom on the face. Rarely it may be present on the scalp.

Bedbug bites can not be felt immediately because of a sedative present in the saliva of the bedbug that keeps the blood from clotting and immunes the body for some time.

The process of sucking blood of a host lasts for 4-5 minutes.

The only good thing about these bugs is that they don not carry germs or bacteria that may cause harmful diseases to human body.

How do you confirm the diagnosis of Bed Bugs?

Skin scrapings can be examined microscopically for the Bed Bugs bites.

What is the Treatment of Bed Bugs?

Wash the infected area with an antibacterial liquid and apply calamine lotion afterward.

Pesticides (chemicals to treat Bed Bugs) actually contain mild insecticide :

Benzyl benzoate lotion

Malathion lotion

Gamma benzene hexachloride cream

Permethrin cream

Bathing is followed by application of the insecticide to the whole body from the neck to soles, left for 24 hours.

Treatment of contacts may be required if there is obvious signs of Bed Bugs.

While the Bed Bugs cannot live off the human skin for longer than 24 hours, each treatment with pesticide should be accompanied by washing, in hot water, of bedsheets, pillow cases and any clothes worn over the previous week.

Most people improve within a few days of treatment but it may take 4-6 weeks for the itch and rash of Bed Bugs to go away completely.

Prevention:
Keep your house clean and spray an effective pest control formula to eradicate these bugs completely.


 

AEROBICS

DOC WHAT IS AEROBICS?

Accordingly, aerobics is defined as “a method of physical exercise for producing beneficial changes in the respiratory and circulatory systems by activities which require meeting a modest increase of oxygen intake and so can be maintained."

Because of today’s many new illnesses (hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and other cardiovascular conditions) brought about by modern man’s generally inactive physical lifestyle, experts strongly recommend aerobics for everyone.

Aerobic exercise

The common definition of aerobics is simply the activity that consists of low-intensity repetitive motions of mostly the large muscles of the arms and legs for a period of time. This activity increases breathing and heart rate.

Most low-intensity activities you do during the day also fall under this category. It includes such regular activities as walking, jogging, swimming, and cycling.

For individuals who are beginners in exercise programs, or maybe have histories of health conditions, light exercise routines are recommended at first on most days of the week.

Cardiovascular benefits

Experts advise that these aerobic exercises have to be performed at moderate intensity. This level of activity is safe for almost everyone, and it still provides the desired health benefits.

Recent research brings in additional good news. It is revealed that aerobics performers can still have cardiovascular benefits even if the exercise routine (usually 30 minutes total) is broken into three or four 8-10 minute segments, as long as they are of the same intensity.

Intensity

Doctors, however, discourage infrequent bouts of high-intensity aerobics routines. It is found that this approach is not very healthy.

In the first place, reduction in risks of hypertension, high cholesterol, type 2 diabetes and other conditions depends on the total volume of the exercise done, rather than on intensity.

Higher intensity exercise activities raise your chances for muscle or joint injury. Worse, it may trigger fatal consequences because of heart rhythm disturbances.

Aerobics instructors always begin their sessions with light stretching and low-intensity movements for about 5 to 10 minutes. This warm-up routine is important to avoid injury. At the end of the routine, a similar cooling-down period for about 5 to 10 minutes is also done.

Benefits

As had been proven these years, people who engaged in regular aerobics have been known to benefit by way of lower blood cholesterol counts, lower blood pressure, toned body because of fat reduction and beneficial weight loss.

They have been known to have developed muscular and overall body endurance, have a happier disposition and moods, and a medically-certified general lower risk to cardiovascular diseases.

Common activities

The best part is the easy way on how to do your aerobics, even without going to the gym and participating in gym routines.

Doctors recommend a simple walk that totals around 10,000 steps a day. Start with something lower, and add the number of steps slowly everyday until you reach your goal.

Done on a regular basis, brisk walking is guaranteed to erase your common health risks. Your need for aerobics is not be that hard to fill up.

HYPNOTHERAPY

DOC WHAT IS HYPNOTHERAPY?

Hypnotherapy is the use of hypnosis to treat patients who are in pain or who are having problems within their minds.

The word Hypnotherapy is based off the word "Hypnos," and this was the name of the Greek god of sleep.

Those who use hypnotherapy believe that patients who enter a trance are much more likely to listen to suggestions which are given to them.

Some conditions which are treated by hypnotherapy are
1.pain,
2.stress,
3.obesity,
4.smoking,  
5.amnesia.
6.hysteria

While many of these conditions are related to the mind, some functional ailments can be treated as well.

Hypnotherapy is a practice that was started by the Ancient Egyptians and Indians. Here the practice would often have a religious tone, and both music and dance was included in the practice.

It wasn't until the 19th century that a number of healers begin developing the methods that would come to be known as hypnosis. Franz Anton Mesmer developed a theory which has come to be known as animal magnetism.

He did extensive research on hysteria, and his studies indicated that advanced cases were similar to what is called a post-traumatic stress disorder.

The work of Sigmund Freud also played an important role in the development of hypnotherapy.

A number of criticisms have been made against the practice:

1.Some believe that the connection between the patient and the therapist may cause problems.

2.The patient may want to please the therapist, or they may worry that the therapist doesn't like them.

However, many of these claims are inconsistent because clinical hypnotherapy will generally take place in a medical facility.

There are a number of common techniques that are used in this practice.
1.Regression method-One of the primary techniques is age regression. The hypnotist will attempt to mentally return the patient to a previous state, and this will often be done to help the patient gain something that they have lost.

2.Revivification -the second technique that is commonly used in hypnotherapy is called revivification. In this technique, the hypnotist will help the patient remember previous experiences they've had. As an example, the hypnotist may ask a patient if they have ever been fishing, and if they have been, they will begin recalling the time that they went fishing, and there will be no need for the hynotist to create a new state.

3.Guided Imagery -another common method that is used in hypnotherapy is called a guided imagery. With this technique, the hypnotist will guide the patient through a pleasant experience.

4.Repetition method-The hypnotist may often repeat certain ideas or concepts in order to get the patient to accept them, and this is called repetition.

In general, people are more relaxed when they are in a dream state. When a person is able to visualize something they desire, research has shown that it is much more likely that they will obtain it.

In this situation, the goal of the hypnotist is to help the patient achieve a desired goal.

This technique has primarily been used to help people on a mental level since the 19th century.

MAJOR COSMETIC SURGERY

DOC WHAT ARE THE MORE MAJOR COSMETIC SURGERIES AND PROCEDURES

Major Cosmetic Surgeries which has some risks:
1.Facelifts for patients with wrinkles, excess folds of skin over jaw and neck.
During a facelift operation the wrinkles and excess skin  are eliminated by by tightening of the skin pulling it upwards and backwards.The purpose of the surgery is to give the patient a natural face tension and smooth skin without excess skin under the jaws and neck.Complications to this surgery include bleeding and infection, damage to the facial nerve .Incisions are hidden within the hairline and in front of the ear.
A normal facelift can last for 5 to 10 years.However not all wrinkles can be eliminated.

2.Eyelid surgery such as double eyelids, removal of bags under the eye and drooping eyelids:
Double eyelids operations are done by incision(cut) under local anesthesia of the skin of eyelid, excess fat is removed and the upper eyelid muscle(levator palpebae superior) is attached to the upper eyelid skin to simulate a natural fold. The result is an eye that look brighter and more awake.
Drooping eyelids are due to stretching of upper eyelid skin as a result of aging.
Removal of the excess skin and any excess fat tissue through an incision of the upper eyelid under local anesthesia will tighten the upper eyelid and prevent drooping.
Bags under the eyes is due mainly to aging with congestion of blood, water and fat under the eye as well as looseness of the lower eyelid. They make a person look tired, sad and old. Excess fat, skin is removed through an incision very close to the margin of the lower eye under local anesthesia.
Recurrence of all 3 conditions can occur after a few years.

3.Nose operation includes reduction of large nose or augmenting a flat nose.
Reduction Rhinoplasty: here the nose is too large,so the operation require dissection of the nasal bone with fine saws and reduction of cartilage under general anesthesia to give the desired shape.
Augmentation Rhinoplasty:The nose is too small, the bridge is too low or the tip is too short .The best way to reshape the nose is with a silicone implant tto alter the shape of the nose aand lift the bridge and tip of nose.This is done under local anesthesia through incision through the nostril so there is no obvious scar.

4.Reduction of bat ears which are sticking out can be done by reshaping the abnormal  ear cartilage and the ear folded backwards until it is parallel to the side of the face. This is done under local anesthesia and usually done for children before going to school.

5.Chin and neck problem can be either protruding too much forward or too far backwards.  Where there is no problem with teeth alignment, treatment is easier with reshaping of the front of the jaw bone.
In cases where the jaw is too short, the shape of the jaw can be corrected with a silicone implant through a small incision inside the mouth.
Where there is problem with teeh alignment, the jaw may be required to be shortened and the teeth realigned. This usually requred the services of a specialist dental surgeon.
Double chin patients usually have too much fat and skin under the neck. The fat and can be removed through a small incision in the neck under local anesthesia and the excess skin can also be removed easily by surgery.

6.The breasts can be either too small or too big.
Augmentation surgery usually involve the insertion of a silicone or saline prosthesis into the space between the breast and the chest wall through an incision under the breast.
Reduction of large breast is done under general anesthesia in hospital with removal of excess breast tissue and transplant of the nipple higher to a normal position.

7.Spare tyre may be in the form of excess fatty tissue and loose skin.
The commonest area is in the bulging abdomen especially in the elderly and in women with several pregnancies. The commonest way to remove excess fat is by liposuction which is done under general anesthesia to suck out most of the fat tissues in the abdominal area, thighs, hips or buttocks.The fat is often softened with saline or liquefying agent.
In cases where there is excessive loosness of the skin some surgery may be needed to remove the excess skin and tighten the muscles of the abdomen.

8.Collagen and botox injections: Collagen injections are used to fill up the depression of scar tissue or deep wrinkles. They are also used to tighten the sphincter of urinary tracts or anus in incontinence cases.
Botox injections are used to numb the nerves of the skin so that the muscles of the skin do not tighten to cause wrinkles.

HEALTH EDUCATION

THE IMPORTANCE OF HEALTH EDUCATION AS AN INTEGRAL PART OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

by Kenneth Kee 1993

A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctorate of Philosophy with a Major in Health Care Administration and approved in 1993

ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION:

This paper examines how health education and promotion forms an integral part of the Primary Health Care System.

It also shows how the concept of health has changed from its original definition by the World Health Organization as a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of of disease and infirmity to something more realistic, dynamic and measurable.

The original definition has been described as an ideal state which is rarely attainable in real life.

The definition of of health care has also changed from a hospital based curative medicine to one of Primary Health Care and Preventive Medicine.

Primary Health Care is emphasized as the cornerstone of all good health care systems.

The escalating cost of health care associated with high technology and hospital based medicine in the treatment and rehabilitation of chronic diseases has led to the realization among many health care providers that many of the risk factors in the chronic diseases can be prevented at the Primary health care level.

A more rational approach to the current health may require more of a preventable rather than a curative approach in medical treatment.

To this end health education and promotion has proved its importance in the fight against disease and form an integral part of the health care system.

This paper also examines some well known models of health education and promotion such as the Tanahill's model of identifying key groups and their roles in health education and the Green's Proceed-Precede planning framework which identifies various behavioral and environmental factors affecting health.

It recommends various strategies for the [promotion of health such as formulation of definite goals, intersectional collaboration in health education and community participation in health education and community participation.

This dissertation about health education has brought me more knowledge about health issues than 20 years of practice in the field of primary health care.

It has focused my mind on the very important field of preventive medicine and health education.

It has made me more determined than ever to continue my work as a health educator as well as a medical practitioner

It has made me even more aware of the need of continuous medical education to keep abreast of the latest advances in medicine.

Unless I continuously update my medical knowledge I will not be able to explain the latest medical advance to my patient.

Lastly I must always remember that it is the patient who will benefit from my knowledge and that knowledge is not to be kept but to be imparted.

In the words of Professor Rosalind Miller:

"it is a society with myopic vision that foster episodic medical care than health care that includes Primary prevention particularly for those at greatest risk and where social welfare and health problems are indispensable"

PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

IMPORTANCE OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE IN SINGAPORE

by Kenneth Kee 1991

A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science with a Major in Health Management and approved in 1991

ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION

Health care is divided into:

1.Primary Health Care (Government Outpatient Doctors, General Practitioners)

2.Secondary Health Care ( Specialist Doctors and Clinics)

3.Tertiary Health Care (Hospital Doctors and Institutional Clinics)

In the past, secondary and tertiary health care have always been the most important agenda in the Singapore Government Health Care Plan.

There has upgrading of specialist clinics and hospitals in Singapore.

In stark contrast the Primary Health Care sector has remained rather stagnant and even comparatively underdeveloped.

Perhaps this is because hospital and specialist health care carry a glamor about it unlike the Primary Health Care doctor who works in the community outsides the confines of the hospital setting.

It is therefore important that the Primary Health Care should be emphasized as the foundation of any good Health Care System.

Unlike the specialist and hospital medicine which represents only the tip of the iceberg of morbidity in a whole community, Primary Health Care covers the whole spectrum of undifferentiated illnesses with its continuing care and management of the whole person from infancy to death.

The WHO at the Alma Ata conference has adopted the objective of "Health For All" which is a rallying call to the international community to enable attainment by all the citizens of the world of a level of health that will permit them to lead a socially and economically productive life.

"Primary Health Care address the main health problems in the community providing promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative services accordingly.Since these services reflect and evolve from the economic conditions and social values of the country and community but will include at least:
promotion of proper nutrition and adequate supply of safe water,
basic sanitation,
maternal and child care including family planning,
immunization against the major infectious illnesses.
prevention and control of local endemic diseases,
education concerning prevailing health problems and the methods of preventing and controlling them,
and appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries."

REIKI

DOC WHAT IS REIKI

Reiki developed in 1922 by Japanese Buddhist Mikao Usui is a form  of complementary and alternative medicine using palm healing to transfer healing energy in the form of ki through the palms.

There are two main forms of Reiki:
1.Traditional Japanese Reiki
2.Western Reiki.

Reiki teachings claim that Reiki is inexhaustible and that it can be used to induce a healing effect.

Within both forms of Reiki, there are three forms of degrees:
1.The first degree Reiki course teaches the basic theories and procedures.
Students learn hand placement positions on the recipient's body that are thought to be most conducive to the process in a whole body treatment.
Having completed the first degree course, a Reiki practitioner can then treat himself and others with Reiki.

2.In the second degree Reiki course, the student learns the use of a number of symbols that are said to enhance the strength and distance over which Reiki can be exerted.

Having completed the second level, the student can work without being physically present with the recipient - a practise known as distant healing.

Students in Japan sometimes only attained the Second Degree after a period of 10, sometimes 20, years of practice.

3.Through the third degree, or "master training", the student becomes a Reiki Master.
The new Reiki Master can attune other people to Reiki and teach the three degrees.
The duration of the master training can be anything from a day to a year or more, depending on the school and philosophy of the Reiki Master giving the training.

There are commonly two types of Master:
Master Teacher  -a Master Teacher is a Master of Reiki and also has the ability teach Reiki
Master Practitioner - Master Practitioner is a Master of Reiki but does not teach Reiki.

Practice
The seven major chakras.
A schematic diagram of the human body's meridians.

In Western Reiki, it is taught that Reiki works in conjunction with the meridian energy lines and chakras through the use of the hand-positions, which normally correspond to the seven major chakras on the body. These hand-positions are used both on the front and back of the body, and can include specific areas

Healing
The Reiki practitioner touched the diseased parts of the body, he massaged them, tapped them lightly, stroked them, blew on them, fixed his gaze upon them for two to three minutes, and specifically gave them energy, and used a technique commonly referred to as palm healing

Whole body treatment
The Reiki practitioner instructs the recipient to lie down, usually on a massage table, and relax. Loose, comfortable clothing is usually worn during the treatment.

The treatment proceeds with the practitioner placing the hands on the recipient in various positions.
However, practitioners may use a non-touching technique, where the hands are held a few centimetres away from the recipient's body for some or all of the positions.
The hands are usually kept in a position for three to five minutes before moving to the next position.
Overall, the hand positions usually give a general coverage of the head, the front and back of the torso, the knees, and feet.
Between 12 and 20 positions are used, with the whole treatment lasting anywhere from 45 to 90 minutes.

Many Western practitioners use a common fixed set of 12 hand positions,

The use of the 12 hand positions energise on many levels by,

1.physical level through the warmth of the hands,
2.mental level through the use of the Reiki symbols,
3.emotional level through the love that flows with the use of the symbols,
4.energetic level though the presence of the Reiki practitioner as well as the Reiki power itself.

The recipient often feels warmth or tingling in the area being treated, even when a non-touching approach is being used.

A state of deep relaxation, combined with a general feeling of well-being, is usually the most common immediate effect of the treatment although emotional releases do occur.

The Reiki treatment is believed to stimulate the body's natural healing processes.

In a 2008 systematic review of randomised clinical trials assessing the evidence basis of Reiki,there is no proof Reiki had been effective for any condition.

SEXUAL HEALTH

DOC WHAT IS SEXUAL HEALTH?

Sex is the need for intimacy ,affection and emotional bond between a man and woman.

It is not just a physical relationship between 2 persons but an emotional tie between the two people called love.

A person's hunger for affection, intimacy, and emotional bond with another person is limitless.

Sexual health refers not only to reproductive sex and organs, but also the physical, emotional and social aspects of the sex act.

It is important to have a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and sexual relationships.

Any couple who has sexual health also feels well emotionally, mentally and socially when talking about sexual matters.

Here are some ways to achieve sexual health:

1. Understand sexuality

Sexuality is defined by the attitudes and values of a couple regarding sexual matters.

It represents a range of issues - from sexual thoughts and actions, to gender identity and roles.

Many factors,from biological,economic,and psychological factors, to social, ethical and religious ones.make up the complete entity of sexual attraction between a couple.

2. Understand that every one have sexual rights

The laws protect every person against sexual violations and discrimination.

Every person have the right to choose whether to be sexually active or not, and  have control over whom he/she wish to have sex with and how it is done.

3. Understand the partner’s sexuality

Because everyone is different, he/she have attitudes, feelings and desires that are different from his/her partner.

Once both partners understand and respect each other’s sexuality, he or she can improve their sexual health and pleasure.

It is therefore important to communicate each person's views to his or her partner and vice versa.

Once a person share what he or she is comfortable with and what he or she want in sex, they are both better prepared for sex.

4. Develop a healthy self-esteem for each other

A healthy self-esteem means to feel good about each other and be comfortable with whom each other are.

If every partner in a sexual relationship have a healthy self-esteem, the acceptance and enjoyment in each other’s presence is increased.

On the other hand, poor self-esteem often leads to unhealthy or even abusive relationships.

5.Always practice safe sex

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are contracted during unprotected sex and their symptoms vary widely.

The risk of contactiing STI is by practising safe sex, through the use of condoms.

Condoms however do not offer 100% protection so the best option is for a couple to be in a monogamous and faithful relationship.

With no fear of contracting STIs, the couple can relax and enjoy a pleasurable, healthy sexual relationship.

Some common STIs are:

HIV, the virus that causes AIDS

Chlamydia

Gonorrhoea

Herpes

Syphilis

Genital warts

It is important to treat STIs early to reduce complications and stop the spread of infection to others. Some STIs can be cured, while for AIDS, there is no cure.

6. Reproductive health is part of sexual health

Sexual health includes being able to have children, and planning when to have them.

Checkups on reproductive health means a regular visit to the gynaecologist.

Family planning is important so that the couple will never have to deal with an unwanted pregnancy or about passing an infection to the child.

7. Children should be educated about sexual health

There has been an increase in cases of teenage sex in the past few years.

This has resulted in a rise in unwanted pregnancies, abortions and STIs.

Being a parent it is important to keep the children safe from such consequences by educating them on sexual health.

It is important to start when they are young and just beginning to form their values and attitudes towards sex.

In summary, to be in good sexual health, the couple must pay attention not only to physical health.

Mental, emotional, spiritual and sexual health are equally important to achieve overall sexual health.

ANGER MANAGEMENT

DOC HOW DO I MANAGE MY ANGER

Anger is an emotion which is experienced by kids and adults alike as a normal response to interference by others in a negative manner.
Anger is a normal response to such a situation.

Anger can be classed as a mild or intense irritation.
It depends on the individual, the circumstance and their emotions.
1.Some people tend to keep their anger to themselves, bottling up their negative emotions and hurt.
2.Others lash out or become extremely defensive and even abusive.

Anger may be a healthy, normal emotion.
Regular episodes of angry or reckless behavior in a person can a problem, one that needs to be dealt with.
Anger can be also intense to the point of violence.
However when the anger takes over an individual's life, it can making them destructive to themselves and everyone around them. 

Controlling anger is considered anger management.
1.Most important to controlling anger is to admit there is a problem.
2.people who have major anger issues cannot see it.
3.They will continue down a path where they are constantly angry
4.Anger prevents them from seeking the help they require
5.The angry individual will likely experience loss of their family, their job and their own identity.
 
Anger management is designed to :
1.help the individual work out their problems,
2.help them figure out why they become so angry.
3.teach the person techniques which prevent them from getting angry as often or for very long.
4.help them have a better quality of life and live a healthy, normal life..

Anger management strategies are programs created specifically to help those with anger issues.
These programs address different people, kids, teens, adults, couples and families.
These programs are there to teach or help people to work on their anger.
Teaching people strategies to work out their problems and control their anger is important in anger management.
Every program is intended to help people who are hot-tempered and frequently have fits of rage.
Anger management strategies are designed to help an individual return to a healthy, normal existence.

1.Taking a time-out is considered a healthy management strategy.
Removing oneself from a situation or person that makes a person angry is practicing time-out.
This anger management strategy might simply require a ride in the car or a walk on the beach.
Playing sports or working out will help an individual to use up some of the extra energy without involving
Some other suggestions for time-out are reading, listening to music or sitting alone in silence.
Each of these activities are healthy anger management strategies.

2.A second example of a healthy anger management strategy is owning up to the anger.
Although the anger is usually brought on by an irritating situation or a confrontation with another individual, the anger actually belongs to the troubled person.
Only the person who's experiencing the anger issues can control their fits of rage.
He mustlearn anger management strategies and how to deal with his emotions in a healthy way.
When an individual becomes mad or upset he or she need to try to disclose the reasons for the anger whether it is hurt, fear, frustration sadness, confusion , jealousy or whatever seems to bring unleash the rage.

3.Another healthy anger management strategy is to look back on those situations that upset an individual and try to find ways to make changes.
Learning the cause of the anger may help the individual to avoid those situations.
Not only might the person learn to avoid these incidents but they might also choose to take what they've learned and attempt to deal with the situation without bursting into a frenzy.

4.A fourth suggestion regarding healthy management strategies is to confront the situation or person.
Talk to the person or people involved, calmly of course, to try to determine the root of the problem.
The angry individual might actually discover that the whole thing was a mix-up, a misunderstanding.
The individual might also try asking the person or people in the situation to think about their behavior and perhaps even change it.
It may be surprising what people would be willing to do to help the person who is attempting to deal with their problems with anger.
Hopefully everything will work out for the best.
If not there has to be room for acceptance.
Sometimes a person must simply accept the situations and people they cannot change and either deal with it or walk away.

Learning healthy anger management strategies should be considered by those with anger problems.

VEGETARIAN

DOC I AM A VEGETARIAN

A Vegetarian Diet is important for those people who opt for Optimal Personal and Environmental Health.

It’s been well documented through the years that vegetarians are healthier than people who eat meat.

Vegetarians are less likely to :
1.be obese
2.have high blood pressure,
3.diabetes,
4.rheumatoid arthritis
5.colon cancer
6.less likely to die from heart disease.

Vegetarians have lower blood pressure even when they eat the same amount of salt as meat eaters and exercise less.

Many studies show that vegetarians have less instances of colon cancer, due in large part to the differences in the bacterial flora that is present in the colon.

There are many factors in the vegetarian diet that contribute to better health.
1.Vegetarians consume two to three times as much fiber as do meat-eaters, which has been shown to reduce cholesterol and blood glucose levels, and protect against colon cancer.

2.They also consume more antioxidants, which are found in a wide variety of plant foods and protect cells from oxygen-induced damage and reduce the risk for heart disease, arthritis, cancer, and other diseases.

3.Vegetarians eat more isoflavones than do meat eaters. These compounds, found mostly in soy foods, are a type of phytochemical. Research shows that isoflavones may reduce the risk for prostate cancer and may improve bone health.

4.Vegetarians also consume much less saturated fat and cholesterol than do meat eaters, resulting in significantly lower levels of blood cholesterol, decreased instances of heart disease and possibly for diabetes and cancer.

5.And, since vegetarians do not eat meat, they are not exposed to heme iron, a type of iron found in meat that may increase the risk of heart disease and cancer.

6.Lastly, being a vegetarian is not only optimally healthy for your body, but also for your your environment and the planet’s animals.

It allows you to live more harmoniously with the world around you, which improves mental and emotional health accordingly.

MASSAGE THERAPY

DOC WHAT IS MASSAGE THERAPY?

What is Massage Therapy?

Massage therapy is a form of therapy that a licenced massage therapist or physiotherapist does massage of painful muscles or the body to improve blood circulation in a patient.

Besides being able to help relieve sore muscles, massaging a body needs a massage therapist who know what are the risks, if there are any side effects and how it supplements conventional medicine for stress and improving blood flow in the body.

Types of Massage Therapy include:

1.reflexology,

2.shiatsu,

3.back massage,

4.hot stone,

4.deep tissue,

5.aromatherapy

6.Swedish.

7.Thai

Risks with  massage therapy  can be avoided if you take the proper precautions.

The best thing to do will be to consult with your doctor to see if it is safe for you to see a masseuse.

Patients who have the following conditions should not undergo massage therapy. These include 1.deep vein thrombosis that happens to be a blood clot in a deep vein, usually in the legs,

2.bleeding disorder or taking blood-thinning drugs such as warfarin,

3.damaged blood vessels

4.weakened bones from osteoporosis,

5. recent fracture,

6.cancer.


7.fever, 

8.open injury,

9.damaged nerves, 

10.an infection or acute inflammation.

Certain conditions could also be dangerous if you decide to have a massage. These include 1.pregnancy,

2.cancer,

3.fragile skin,

4. dermatomyositis

5.heart problems,

Side effects associated with massage therapy include:

1.temporary pain or discomfort,

2.bruising,

3.swelling

4.sensitivity or allergy to massage oils.

Massage therapy should not be used a substitute for regular medical care.

If your doctor tells you that you can see a massage therapist, do some research about the person.

You should check on their credentials or licenses, years of experience and training.

If you need massage therapy to help cure medical condition, find out beforehand if they have specialized training in this field.

It would not hurt to also ask if they use other practices aside from massage therapy to help their patients.

Some examples of these include the use of herbs and requiring the patient to go on a special diet.

Some people may even ask for a free ten minute test to see how well they perform.

The best part about massage therapy is that it can provide relief without the need to ingest pain killing drugs and knowing some facts about it is good so you know what you are getting yourself into once you visit the place.

As long as there is no dangers or side effects, going for a session of massage therapy by a licenced massage therapist to relieve some stress or pain may be beneficial for your health

PHYSIOTHERAPY

DOC WHAT IS PHYSIOTHERAPY

Physiotherapy is also known as physical therapy of medical conditions. That answers the question of what is physiotherapy for many people.

As a supplementary type of health care, physiotherapy concerns itself with providing physical healing methods for many different kinds of injuries and illnesses.

Therapy at a Physiotherapy Clinic:

When a patient is referred to the physiotherapy clinic, he or she will be evaluated by a physiotherapist.

After this initial evaluation, he or she will be scheduled for treatments like ultrasound or acupuncture etc as recommended by the doctors in conjunction with the physiotherapists.

They will be assigned exercises to do at the clinic. A good physiotherapist will begin treatment right away.

The different types of Physiotherapy:

1.massage or manipulation (hands-on) of the musculo-skeletal system when the muscles and tissues are injured.

2.Traction of the skeletal system to lengthen the spaces between bones so that nerves or tendons are pressed on by the bones

3.Strengthening of the muscular system helps the patient to recover from surgery as well as prevention of tightening of the muscles and tendons and making them more flexible.

4.Heat (heat pads, infra-red light, shortwave diathermy) help the blood circulating after injuries and help earlier recovery

5.ice (cold compress) help to reduce swelling and tissue damage

6.ultrasound treatment, radiofrequency waves , are all useful to relieve pain and stiffness.

7.Hyperbarbaric treatment: Increase in oxygen pressure can improve the faster healing of injuries and recovery from surgery.

All these methods tend to promote better health, both physical and psychological.

The importance of physiotherapy equipment:

Equipment for helping patients regain their strength and mobility are a part of what is physiotherapy. This equipment may allow a person who is partially paralyzed to get the most exercise possible. This is crucial in maintaining the integrity of their spines and muscles.

The importance of Education in Physiotherapy:

Besides the methods used in Physiotherapy, education is a part of what is physiotherapy. A physiotherapist will teach a patient how to care for their injuries. He will teach exercises to do at home so that therapy can continue beyond the walls of the clinic or hospital. He will teach ways to overcome difficulties that cannot be cured.

Rehabilitation is another part of Physiotherapy treatment:

Patients have injuries from sports, car accidents, or assault. These injuries can be treated through physiotherapy. Given the right treatments and an injury that will respond to treatment, much progress can be made. Full functioning may be regained. It may even be possible for them to go back to work rather than being laid up at home.

Physiotherapy is a carefully planned and executed treatment strategy.

It is based upon assessments of the conditions that patients suffer. If all goes well, the patient will return to their original condition. If this is not possible, the goal is for the patient to reach a goal that is the best movement and lack of pain that is possible.

The preventative side of the field of physiotherapy is very important in the overall holistic treatment of a patient.

It is a part of the work of practitioners of physiotherapy to encourage exercises and postures that will help patients avoid physical injuries and conditions requiring their services.

An excellent physiotherapist will have fewer return patients, but the flow of people needing physiotherapy continues.