BIPOLAR DISORDERS TREATMENT

DOC I NEED TREATMENT FOR BIPOLAR DISORDER

Treatment of Bipolar Disorders:

The main goals of treatment are to:
1.Avoid moving from one phase to another
2.Avoid the necessity for a hospital stay
3.Assist the patient function as well as possible between episodes
4.Prevent self injury and suicide by patient
5.Make the periods of manic and depressive phases less frequent and severe

The Doctor may also look for any triggers which may cause the bipolar condition and any medical or emotional problems that might affect treatment.

The  medicines used to stabilize moods are :
1.Carbamazepine
2.Lamotrigine
3.Lithium
4.Valproate (valproic acid) and other antiseizure drugs

Other drugs used to treat bipolar disorder include:
1.Antipsychotic drugs and anti-anxiety drugs (benzodiazepines) for mood problems
2.Antidepressant medications may be added to treat depression.
Some people with bipolar disorders are more likely to have manic or hypomanic episodes if they are put on antidepressants.
Because of this, antidepressants are used  only in people who also take a mood stabilizer.
3.Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) can be used to treat the manic or depressive phase of bipolar disorder if it does not respond to medication.
ECT uses an electrical current to cause a brief seizure in the patient while the patient is under general anesthesia.
ECT is still the most effective treatment for depression not relieved with medications.
4.Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) uses high-frequency magnetic pulses to target affected areas of the brain. It is used second after ECT.

Patients who are in the middle of manic or depressive episodes may be required to stay in a hospital until their mood is stable and their behavior is under control.

Complications of Bipolar Disorders:

Stopping medical treatment or taking it the wrong way may cause the symptoms to return and lead to the following complications:
1.Alcohol and/or drug abuse
2.Difficulties with relationships, work, and finances
3.Suicidal thoughts and behaviors

Prognosis of Bipolar Disorders:
1.Mood-stabilizing medication can help control the symptoms of bipolar disorder.It is important to help and support the patients to take medicine properly and to make sure that mania and depression are treated as early as possible.

2.Some patients stop taking the medication as soon as they feel better or because the mania feels good. However any stoppage of medication can cause serious problems.

3.Suicide is a very real risk during both mania and depression. People with bipolar disorder who think or talk about suicide need immediate emergency attention.

Prevention of Bipolar Disorders:

1.Support and education about bipolar disorder (psychoeducation) may help families cope and reduce the odds of symptoms returning.
2.Programs that offer outreach and community support services can help people who do not have family and social support.

Important support skills taught include:
1.Coping with symptoms which are present despite taking medications
2.Learning a healthy lifestyle especially getting enough sleep , eating well and staying away from recreational drugs
3.Learning to take medications properly and how to control side effects
4.Learning to look for the return of symptoms, and knowing what to do if they return
5.Family members and caregivers are very important in the treatment of bipolar disorder.
They can provide the right support services for patients and make sure the patient takes medication correctly.
6.Getting enough sleep is very important in bipolar disorder.
Lack of sleep can trigger a manic episode.
7.Treatment is always helpful during the depressive phase.
8.Bipolar disorder patients cannot always tell the doctor about their condition.Patients often cannot recognize their own manic symptoms.
9.Changes in mood with bipolar disorder are unpredictable. It is difficult to tell whether a patient is responding to treatment or naturally coming out of a bipolar phase.

Bipolar Disorders is difficult to treat and patients, their friends, and family must know the risks of death if bipolar disorder is not treated properly.

BIPOLAR DISORDERS

DOC I HAVE BIPOLAR DISORDER

Bipolar disorder is a condition in which people swings between periods of a very good or irritable mood and depression.

The exact cause is unknown, but it can occur in families of people with bipolar disorder.
Bipolar disorder affects both men and women equally.
It usually begins between ages 15 - 25.

The Types of bipolar disorder:
1.bipolar disorder type I have had at least one manic episode and periods of major depression.

2.bipolar disorder type II have never had full mania.
There are periods where there is high energy levels and impulsiveness but that is not as extreme as mania (called hypomania).
This hypomania episodes alternate with periods of depression.

3.mild form of bipolar disorder called cycloymia involves less severe mood swings alternating between hypomania and mild depression.

Triggers of a manic episode in people with bipolar disorder:
1.Life changes such as births
2.Medications such as antidepressants or corticosteroids
3.Periods of insomnia
4.Recreational drug usage

Symptoms
A.Manic phase -last from days to months:
1. Distracted easily
2.Little or no need for sleep
3.Poor judgement
4.Poor control of temper
5.Reckless behavior and poor self control
6.Binge eating, drinking, and/or drug usage
7.Sex with multiple partners (promiscuity)
8.Spending sprees
9.Very elevated mood
10.Hyperactivity
11.Increased physical energy
12.Over Talking
13.Very high self-esteem (false beliefs about self or abilities)
14.Very involved in activities
15.Upset easily (agitated or irritated)

These symptoms of mania occur usually with bipolar disorder I or Manic depression.
With bipolar disorder II, the symptoms of mania are similar but less intense.

B.Depressed phase of both types of bipolar disorder:
1.Daily poor mood or sadness
2.Problems in concentrating, remembering, or making decisions
3.Eating disorders
4.Loss of appetite and weight
5.Overeating and weight gain
6.Tiredness or lack of energy
7.Feels worthless, hopeless, or guilty
8.Loss of pleasure in activities once enjoyable
9.Loss of personal self-esteem
10.Thinking of death and suicide
11.Problem getting to sleep or sleeping too much
12.Avoiding friends or activities that were once enjoyable

There is a high tendency of suicide with bipolar disorder.
Abuse of alcohol or other substances  can make the symptoms and suicide risk worse.

Sometimes the two phases of manic attack and depression may overlap.
Manic and depressive symptoms can occur together or quickly one after the other in what is called a mixed state.

Diagnosis can be obtained from:

1.family medical history of bipolar disorder
2.history of recent mood swings and the length of time of mood swings
3.thorough examination to look for illnesses that may cause the symptoms
4.laboratory tests to check for thyroid problems or drug levels
5.consultation of family members regarding patient's behavior
6. medical history of any medical problems and  medications taken
7.Observation of behavior and mood

Note that drug usage may cause some symptoms but does not rule out bipolar affective disorder.
Drug abuse may be a symptom of bipolar disorder.

VITAMIN K DEFICIENCY

DOC I HAVE VITAMIN K DEFICIENCY

Vitamin K Deficiency is a medical condition caused by the deficiency of the human body of Vitamin K as a result of inadequate dietary intake or impaired absorption.

Vitamin K is present in all living human tissues as an important cofactor in the synthesis of prothrombin and clotting factors VII, IX, and X(the Vitamin K dependant clotting factors) in the liver.

There are 3 types of Vitamin K:
1.Vitamin K1- Phytomenadione
2.Vitamin K2- Menaquinone
3.Vitamin K3- Menadione
They help in forming the clotting factors in the liver.

Vitamin K is found primarily in
1.animal sources - liver.
2.vegetable sources: Vitamin K is found in fresh green and yellow vegetables, fruits and potatoes.

Optimal requirements of Vitamin K are:
1.adults and children above puberty: 20 mg to 50 mg daily
Pregnant mother and elderly may need double the amount.
2.Infants and children before puberty: 10 mg to 20 mg daily

Functions of Vitamin K:
1.Vitamin K together is essential for the formation and maintenance of prothrombin and clotting factors in the liver.

2.Vitamin K is synthesized in the intestine of the human host by intestinal bacteria.

Causes of Vitamin K Deficiency:
Vitamin K Deficiency occurs
1.when there is Vitamin K deficiencies due to
a.diet - lactating mothers should take more Vitamin K
b.malabsorption as in celiac syndrome, sprue or hepatitic cirrhosis
c.Inadequate absorption resulting from abnormal intestinal bacterial flora (in hemorrhagic disease of newborns or after some antibiotics)

2.Severity of Vitamin K deficiency is inversely related to age.
It is more common in elderly people.

Symptoms of Vitamin K Deficiency:
1.Vitamin K Deficiency is a silent disease.
People with Vitamin K Deficiency often do not know that they have the condition.

2.Hemorrhagic tendercies and hemorrhages in many organ such as brain, muscles and intestines.

3.Body function-weakness and fatique

4.Mental-Brain dysfunction may occur in children with Vitamin K deficiciency because of bleeding.

Diagnosis of Vitamin K Deficiency:
1.Blood Vitamin K levels are low

Treatment of Vitamin K Deficiency:
The goal of Vitamin K Deficiency treatment is the prevention of increased fragility of red blood cells and low Vitamin K.

Therefore, prevention of Vitamin K Deficiency is as important as treatment. Vitamin K Deficiency treatment and prevention measures are:

Medications:
Vitamin K supplements
1.Vitamin K is given at 10 mg to 50 mg per day orally in mild bleeding until the response is adequate.

2.Vitamin K 10mg to 20 mg is also given intramuscularly or intravenously in slow or moderate bleeding

3.Vitamin K 25 mg to 50 mg intramuscularly or intravenously in  cirrhotic patients with severe gastrointestinal bleeding

4.1mg of Vitamin K is given to newborns as a single dose intramuscularly or subcutaneously as prevention from bleeding.

5.Vitamin K is also used for reversal of bleeding due to coumarin or inandione anticoagulant overdosage.

6.Vitamin K is also given in hypoprothrombinemia in liver disease or intestinal malabsorption,antibiotic treatment, salicylates
Side effects are:
1.Vitamin K may cause hemolytic anemia and kernictus in infants.

Prognosis of Vitamin K Deficiency:
1.good response to treatment in Vitamin K deficiciency.

2.treat underlying cause such as malabsorption to get a good response in the treatment of Vitamin K Deficiency.

Prevention of Vitamin K Deficiency:
take more liver,diary products,potatoes and vegetables.

VITAMIN B7 DEFICIENCY

DOC I HAVE VITAMIN B7 DEFICIENCY
Vitamin B7(biotin) Deficiency is a medical condition caused by the deficiency of the human body of Vitamin B7 as a result of inadequate dietary intake or impaired absorption.
Functions of Vitamin B7:
1.Essential for energy production and the metabolism of fats and protein.
2.Required for healthy skin and hair.
Vitamin B7 works with the other B vitamins in helping to sustain a healthy nervous system.
Vitamin B7 is found primarily in
1.Egg yolk,eggs, organ meats,
2.brewer’s yeast, legumes, nuts, onions, cucumbers, yogurt, and molasses 
Optimal requirements of Vitamin B7 are:
1.adults and children above puberty: 30 mcg daily
Pregnant mother and elderly may need double the amount.
2.Infants and children before puberty: 15 mcg daily
Causes:
Vitamin B7 Deficiency occurs
1.when there is Vitamin B7 deficiencies due to
a.diet - starvation,lactating mothers should take more Vitamin B7
b.malabsorption as in celiac syndrome, sprue or hepatitic cirrhosis
 
2.Severity of Vitamin B7 deficiency is inversely related to age.
It is more common in elderly people.
Symptoms:
1.Vitamin B7 Deficiency is a silent disease in the early stages.
People with Vitamin B7 Deficiency often do not know that they have the condition.
2.change in appearance of the hair including hair loss
the texture and gloss of the hair may change from healthy and shiny to dull and somewhat lifeless.
3.dry, scaly patches of skin on the arms, legs, and in the groin area. If left untreated, the texture of the skin may become exceedingly rough and easily irritated.
3.Vitamin B7 works with the other B vitamins in helping to sustain a healthy nervous system.
4.tingling in the hands, numbness, paresthesia
5.depression,
6.personality changes,sleep disturbances
7.fatigue
Diagnosis:
1.Blood Vitamin B7 levels are low
Treatment:
The goal of Vitamin B7 Deficiency treatment is the prevention of peripheral neuropathy and skin amd hair lesions.
Therefore, prevention of Vitamin B7 Deficiency is as important as treatment. Vitamin B7 Deficiency treatment and prevention measures are:
Medications:
Vitamin B7 supplements
1.Vitamin B7 is given at 30 mcg per day orally until the response is adequate.
2.It is most effective when taken with the B group vitamins, Vitamin A, vitamin C and Vitamin E.
Side effects are:
1.Vitamin B7 does not give side effects because being water soluble it is excreted easily in the urine if large doses are ingested
2.No side effects have been reported on dosage exceeding 10 g a day.
Prognosis:
1.good response to treatment in Vitamin B7 deficiency in early stages.
2.treat underlying cause such as malabsorption to get a good response in the treatment of Vitamin B7 Deficiency.
Prevention:
take more liver, egg yolks, cereals and fresh green vegetables.